Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour - 980 Words

A bird would always want to fly even from its golden cage; so does a person confined to a house and a loveless marriage. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard is a woman trapped in her own golden cage. Throughout the story, the author, Kate Chopin, shows the true colors of matrimony during that time and what it meant in women’s lives. Women were the only possessions attained after marriage, designated to do house labors and take care of a husband and children. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin illustrates that marriage is another manifestation of women’s abdication of liberty once they say â€Å"I do†. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a short story that narrates the reaction of a supposedly widowed woman. After hearing the news of Brently Mallard’s tragic railroad accident death, his friend Richard and Josephine gently inform the weak-hearted Mrs. Mallard of his husband s sudden death. Louise starts crying and consequently goes to her room by herself and locks the door after. She is seated on a chair in front of the window and starts daydreaming. First, she starts looking outside, where everything magically blooms. Louise feels happy, free. She is thinking about the upcoming years she has to live by herself, blissfully happy without her husband around. She feels liberated and free for the first time. She does not even stop to think if it was monstrous or not the joy that held her. After a short moment of freedom Josephine starts asking Louise to open the door. ThenShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1579 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopinâ₠¬â„¢s The Story of an Hour written in 1984 is a story of a woman who, through the erroneously reported death of her husband, experienced true freedom. Both tragic and ironic, the story deals with the boundaries imposed on women by society in the nineteenth century. The author Kate Chopin, like the character in her story, had first-hand experience with the male-dominated society of that time and had experienced the death of her husband at a young age. The similarity between Kate Chopin andRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1336 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as married women. In the story of an hour, the author, Kate Chopin describes the emotions of a woman who is married and tied down to this oath for the rest of her life. The author uses the ways of the society during that time to construct a story that accurately reflects the feelings of majority of women of that time. The goal of the story is to examine how women were indirectly oppressed during those times. The story of an hour is an interesting short story that begin with telling of a heartRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of The Hour Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an American author who wrote two novels that got published and at least a hundred short stories. In Kate’s short story The Story of the Hour she uses some of her traumatic event that happened in her lifespan in the short story even though it the story is fictional. A lot of her fictions were set in Louisiana and her best-known works focused on the lives of sensitive intelligent women. One-third of Mrs. Chopin’s stories are children’s stories. A lot of Mrs. Chopin’s novels were forgottenRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of An Hour993 Words   |  4 Pagesfiction intermix in stories because writer’s base their stories of real life experiences and feelings. Kate Chopin largely based her stories off of her own life. Kate Chopin spent her childhood years in an alternative and matriarchal Louisiana town with a family that was unconventional. She challenged her nineteenth century sexist society and used her own life to put strength and feminism into her stories like â€Å"The Storm†, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† and of course â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. She lived with herRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1921 Words   |  8 Pagesapproaches. For Kate Chopin, the famous author of â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, her most successful approach was to provide audiences with short stories that proposed meaningful and strong messages. However, Kate Chopin’s powerful feminist images that were present throughout her writing has mostly flaunted Chopin as only a â€Å"pioneering feminist writer,† which has led to other messages Chopin incorporated in her writing into being overlooked. In Kate Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the shortRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1 248 Words   |  5 PagesTam Le Jennifer R. Vacca ENGL 2307 19 September 2014 The Stressful Marriage React in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† Kate Chopin was an American author who majored in short stories mostly in topics related to feminism. Her other works include; â€Å"Bayou Folk† of 1894, â€Å"A Night in Acadia† of 1897, and â€Å"The Storm† of 1898. She created her story entitled â€Å"The Story of an Hour† with the aim of using characterization to show how women behave, and the forces that bind marriages. Her character, LouiseRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour981 Words   |  4 Pagesher bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† (477) The purpose of our entire existence is to create and build a legacy so when we depart this life the ones that we leave behind have something to keep with them. We don’t know the time or the place of when our lives will end onRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1488 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† was published in 1894 in Vogue, during a time when women do not have any legal rights. They have low education level and have no opportunity to work; what they can do is stay at home and manage the family. All their lives, they rely on their husband. Women at that time do not think about why they should be treated this way; they were being silenced by society. Kate Chopin uses the character Mrs. Mallard as the representative of all women who wants freedom at thatRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour973 Words   |  4 Pagesbe kept on the inside. The problem is that the reason behind the happiness is often forgotten to be ana lyzed. What was happening behind closed doors? What was the marriage representing? Mrs. Mallard is an important example of this in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour. She just received the news of her husband’s death and is obliged to weep at once. Nevertheless, once she gets away from the pressure of the onlookers, she finds more happiness than sadness in which she cannot fully express outside ofRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1309 Words   |  6 Pagesdramatically in some areas. For the author of both stories, Kate Chopin, she wanted the reader to get something out of the story. She likes to explore all types of themes in her stories such as, racism, the roles of women, and adultery. With these themes and messages she struggled to have most of her stories published. In many of her stories she passed along these messages through the manner of a marriage. In her short stories â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree s Baby† she showed jus t how different marriages

Alcohol Is Good For Our Health - 1108 Words

Nowadays,alcohols become very popular among our life.We are interested to have a research about it.But when we have our research,we have a strange finding .Although alcohol is popular among us,people still have many different opinions about it.Some people think alcohol is good to our health .But other people do not think so,they think alcohol is bad to our health and we should not use it.When our team found this strange phenomenon,we are very surprised.So we decide to found the result of the relationship between alcohol and health After research,we have a conclusion:as a whole,drinking too much is indeed bad for our health,but if we drink appropriate amount of it,it is also indeed good for our health. Key words:alcohol ,health,benefits,harms Introduction People attach many importance on alcohol in our society nowadays.It is even used as medicines,for example,anaesthetic.But it is also disgusted by many people.Because it also has caused many tragedies .For example,due to the exceeding drinking ,many people lost their valuable lives and their happy families.Because of the contradictory respects and different attitudes towards the alcohol we have a research.Our research is to figure out the relationship between alcohol and health.Our methods are to ask other people’s opinions and find some relevant information about it.Because we think we can find our result form it very easily after all nothing can compare with human’s brain .What is more,the book is the most knowledgeableShow MoreRelatedShould There Be Legal Age For Drinking Alcohol? Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesthere be legal age for drinking alcohol? there is always a question that why alcohol is not banned .alcohol have destroyed many lives and it is still destroyin g .youngsters find it cool to drink alcohol so they get easily get attracted to it .when a person drinks alcohol he loses his control on himself .if a person is alcoholic the chances a person can commit crime increases. Alcohol should be ban because it is destroying our youngsters, health and psychological. Alcohol is the worst a person can beRead MoreShould Alcohol and Tobacco Advertisement Be Banned? Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesShould alcohol and tobacco advertisement be banned? We may see alcohol and tobacco advertisements everywhere, on television, in newspaper, on street ads card etc. Alcohol ads usually create several feints to tell people that alcohol is good for people and induce people to drink. On the other hand, the malign influence of advertisements shows smoking as something cool. But we know the truth is not so. Alcohol is harmful for people’s health and sometimes it may bring bad effects to self-impressionRead MoreThe Role Of Alcohol Abuse And Academic Performance939 Words   |  4 Pagesof 18 to 25. This is our golden age. This is a time when we are stepping into the real world and fully grow as a human being. This is the most important stage of our life. However, this is also the time when we are in college, where drinking has been glorified as a popular culture. Although people have a good time at parties and such, Alcohol abuse poses a negative effect on our college experience in many different way. During college, men and women are highly exposed to Alcohol use. According to aRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention: Creating Health Literacy Awareness About the Effects of Alcohol to the Unborn Child Alcohol consumption among pregnant women is a growing problem not only in the U.S. but also to the rest of the world. Billions are spent treating birth defects and other symptoms related to prenatal alcohol drinking. Statistics done shows that treatment of the disorder costs the U.S. 6 billion dollars annually (Burd Hardwood, 2004); adjust that to the current inflation rateRead MoreWhy Alcohol Should Not Be Allowed on College Campus886 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol consumption is not illegal in the United States, unless people are under 21 years old. Almost every student in college campuses that is over 21 years old wants to drink alcoholic beverages. Some even think that alcohol should be allowed on college campus. However, if alcohol is allowed on campus, it could possibly impact under 21 years old students and other students who don’t drink in terms of academic development and students’ health. The truth is that drinking alcohol under 21 is illegalRead MoreHappiness and Religious Beliefs827 Words   |  3 Pageshumans, happiness and an over all high wellbeing is something we all desire. Some search for wellbeing and happiness through extravagant possessions, some through alcohol and drugs and some through religious belief. It seems that two out of the three groups I mentioned are missing the target. Those who are using possessions, drugs and alcohol, could learn from those who are seeking wellbeing and happiness through religious belief. It seems that those with some kind of faith or religious beliefs haveRead MoreAlcoholism Is A Serious Issue1303 Words   |  6 Pagescontrolling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems, having to drink more to get the same effect (physical dependence), or having withdrawal symptoms when you rapidly decrease or stop drinking. (Clinic, 2014) Alcoholism is a very serious issues and very hard to break. One of society biggest issue is alcoholism. It can cause many problems in a person’s life without the person even knowing. Drinking alcohol is like taking a drug. It is a form ofRead MoreAlcohol As A Common Phenomenon Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION In this modern era alcohol has become an inevitable ingredient in all our festivals and holiday parties. It is hard to find a get-together party or a family function without alcohol. Beverage shops are crowded not only in weekends but also every evening. Addiction to alcohol has become a common phenomenon. In this chapter we see the brief history of drinking and about the chemistry of alcohol, characteristic features of an alcoholic, the meaning of alcoholism etc. In our society we can see thatRead MoreHow to Prevent Chronic Disease Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesA statistic from World Health Organization indicates that 60% of deaths are caused by chronic diseases. This is related to the increase of affluence and sedentary lifestyle. If we continue living this lifestyle, it will be easier for us to get the diseases. In this fast pace lifestyle, we are always on the go. We usually choose to eat food without thinking much about the food content but just thinking about filling our stom ach. Apart from food consumption factor, family history and polluted surroundingsRead MoreThe Influence Of Little Timmy On Children Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesLittle Timmy had always had a relatively amazing life, he had good grades, kind parents, and a bright future ahead of him. He had recently been accepted into a great college to study engineering and had his whole life ahead of him. As the celebrations for his eighteenth birthday had died down, he wished his parents good night and returned to his bedroom in his parents’ lovely, two-story home. Timmy could hardly believe that he was already a legal adult, free to do whatever he wanted, within his parent’s

Narrative Report for Hrm Ojt Essay Sample free essay sample

I want to suggest a measure related to those young person who buy coffin nails and spirits at a immature age. The intent of this measure is to travel the legalisation age of those consumers of this merchandise from the age 18 to 21. At present. many adolescents at the age 18 are now expert of holding these two frailties. Largely. we see them at the saloon. outside the school campus. nine house. in the shops and others. Some of them are below 18 and yet they are prone to frailties. Everyone knows that frailties are habit-forming and can do illnesss. If you are in to it so there’s a possibility that you can catch or can acquire an unwellness. Most of the clip those prone to illness are adolescents who are expose to this frailties. That’s why many of the parents see to it that their kids are non known to those 1s. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Report for Hrm Ojt Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately. adolescents presents are much expose to frailties even though there’s a warning from the authorities that making those might kill you easy. And yes. it is true but adolescents don’t attention about it because it can fulfill their demands and largely the ground is for pleasance. So in order to restrict the figure of those bush leagues who are consumers of this merchandise. we must hold a jurisprudence sing this state of affairs. And yes. there was a jurisprudence but it merely evolves from age 17 and below. Looking frontward to it. in order to protect this young person we must to amend this jurisprudence. we must hold at least a jurisprudence that focuses at the age 20 and below and so. holding this sort of jurisprudence can forestall adolescents in utilizing and taking them. PROPOSED BY: JANICE B. PALAGUITANGAMEND LAW RELATED TO THIS BILL( LICI-AGE BILL ) WHEREAS. this jurisprudence as normally applied by big piece of land developers to optimise their net income has a comparatively impact with the immature at age normally 18 and below ; and. WHEREAS. the minor age must non cognize to this frailties. we should purely forbid those 1s to any young person age 20 and below ; and. WHEREAS. these frailties is considered as the most common job in the state that many young person which supported by parents are at age 20 and at a lower place. on other manus most frequently the non this age 20 and below is peculiarly an age that most young person are dependent to their parent. it is common cognition that this jurisprudence needs to be amended to do it harmonic with the rules of the originating authorities: NOW THEREFORE. Be IT RESOLVED that the legalisation age 18 of taking these frailties must be alteration to 21. It assumes that if you are 20 and below. you are non allowed to take those 1s in order to avoid risky jobs being evolved from twenty -four hours to twenty-four hours activities of the bush leagues. It merely tells that 18 is non a right clip for the young person to pass their money in those 1s. Many pupils at age 18 are still dependent to their parents. So. legalisation age must be 21. Advantage: -the changing of the legalisation age can restrict the young person who take these two frailties-it can assist parents to avoid concerns that can take to jobs-to bound the growing of the young person who are in unwellness that can take to decease-to prevent moonstruck act because of the work of the spirits and baccy in the organic structure Punishments: -warning for the first caught-6 months in gaol with 100000 payments for the 2nd clip-1 twelvemonth in gaol with 100000 payments for the 3rd clip caught

World Population an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

World Population In 2004 world population reached the amount of 6.4 billion people. According to the information, publicized by U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004 total number of people living on our planet was 6,375,006,404, and in 2005 this number came up to 6,451,429,868 people. Therefore, in 2004 average population change totaled +76,423,464 people, and the index of average annual population growth was 1.18% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). Need essay sample on "World Population" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to the information from one of the most popular online information databases the World Factbook publicized by Central Intelligent Agency, currently (June 14, 2007) population of the world has already exceeded 6.6 billion people (CIA, 2007). National demographers inform that in 2007 the index of average annual population growth is estimated to reach 1.17% and average population change is expected to amount to +77,430,945 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). It is necessary to say that lately both index of average annual population growth and average population change have a strong tendency to decline. Thus, in 1950 population growth rate was at the level of 1.47%, in 1963 it peaked at 2.19%, and after this peak the rate started decreasing. At that, annual increase of world population peaked in 1989, reaching +87,823,244 people, and now it is also slightly decreasing (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). Nevertheless, world population is still growing quite rapidly. Specialists predict that in 2050 there will be 9,404,296,384 people living on earth, though by that time average annual population growth rate will have gone down to 0,49% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). It is estimated that world population can hypothetically grow up to 90-125 billion people. References: World Facts. (2007, June 14). CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. World Population Info. (2007, June 17). U.S. Census Bureau. Online International Database.

How To Make Make Money Online Example

How To Make Make Money Online Example How To Make Make Money Online – Article Example How to make money online To make money online, it is important to build a website online in a simple manner. A website is built step by step and it is indeed very easy to build a website. For that, one needs to learn how to design a website. After one has learned how to design a website, it is important to build your own webpage which will tell how to make a html webpage (Smith 2007). For gaining insight and understanding, it is significant that an individual finds free website tutorials as this helps the work flow and the design process of the website. After the website tutorials have been understood in a proper manner and the details are comprehended easily, the next step is to publish your webpage (Ploster 2004). This is the final step in devising a website that serves a number of different purposes. There are thousands of free website sites which could be used to earn money online. The website standards need to be followed in order to gain success in the long run. Also how to sta rt a webpage for free is a similar undertaking that must be properly understood so that a person could find ways to earn money online (Koch 1996). These are significant measures that will bring success for the domains of someone who believes a great deal in making money online. One most important point here is to properly check the website again and again to know that money making ways are up and running, and that there are no difficulties in the wake of making more money with the changing times. Koch, Tom. The Message is the Medium: Online All the Time for Everyone. Praeger Publishers, 1996Ploster, George. Making Money as an Aggregator. Online, 28, March 2004Smith, Jennifer. Online Learning and Teaching in Higher Education. Open University Press, 2007

Invention and History of the Colt Revolver

Invention and History of the Colt Revolver Samuel Colt invented the first revolver, a gun named after its inventor Colt, and after its revolving cylinder revolver. In 1836, Samuel Colt was granted a U.S. patent for the Colt revolver, which was equipped with a revolving cylinder containing five or six bullets and an innovative cocking device. The History of the Colt Revolver Before the Colt revolver, only one and two-barrel flintlock pistols had been invented for handheld use. Colt revolvers were all based on cap-and-ball technology until the Smith and Wesson license on the bored-through cylinder (bought from Rollin White) expired around 1869. According to www.midwestgunshows.com: Horace Smith Daniel Wesson formed their second partnership (SW) in 1856 for the development and manufacture of a revolver chambered for a self-contained metallic cartridge. During this development period, while researching existing patents, it was found that a Rollin White had patented a bored through cylinder for a paper cartridge sometime earlier. A licensing agreement was arranged between Smith and Wesson and Rollin White. In 1855, Rollin White patented the bored-through cylinder. According to www.armchairgunshow.com: The Rollin White patent covered the right to make a revolver cylinder bored-through end to end - an obvious requirement for an effective cartridge revolver. This fact didnt slow down some firms, who proceeded to make the highly popular cartridge style revolvers. Some used their own designs, and some just produced outright copies of the Smith and Wesson pattern. Smith and Wesson pursued redress in court, resulting in several US makers being required to mark Made for SW or words to that effect on their revolvers.

Analyzing the present state of Jamaica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyzing the present state of Jamaica - Essay Example However, the founding of Jamaica was officially articulated to the discovery made by the Spanish explorer called Christopher Columbus in the 15th century1. He discovered that Jamaica comprised of over 200 hundred villages of the indigenous population in the southern part of the country. Thereafter the British proclaimed the Jamaican colony and Spanish conceded defeat, as they were militarily weak to engage in a battle with the British. Therefore, Henry explored further into the northern parts and established British settlements after realizing that the colony had rich soils that would promote agricultural projects. From a critical analysis of the book â€Å"The present state of Jamaica†, the following discussion explains on the tremendous exchanges in the Jamaican history that resulted to distinct cultures, political systems, economic practices, and social exchanges through demographic dimensions. Spanish colonies were the most established in the Caribbean islands since their founding by Christopher Columbus in the early 1450s. On occupying Jamaica, the Britons realized that all the surrounding colonies belonged to the Spanish and were prosperous in all their economic, social and cultural environments. The Britons lacked financial capabilities to ensure that all activities ran in accordance to the desired set of plans. This period whereby the British tried to weigh out the surrounding circumstances and the possible methods of achieving success in the colony is directly relative to invasions they made in the Spanish rich territories. A young Henry Morgan engaged in the military in his early age, gained experience and turned out to be an aggressive privateer, and through him most of the Britons in Jamaica benefited from the ambushes he laid against the Spanish territories the Spanish. He owned ships and privateers who reflected aggression in all expeditions that Henry termed as profitable2. The book referred to as the present Jamaica is a reflection of the activities aged before 1665 in Jamaica and the extent at which they shaped the subsequent environment in the country. These intercultural relations are born of Captain Morgan’s invasions, and the British military slavery practices in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Jamaican colonial masters traded in slavery in order to yield enough manual labor for farming. Most of the slaves were from the African continent while the rest comprised of the South Americans, Asians, and the indigenous population of Jamaica3. Throughout the past 6 centuries, Jamaica has been a hub for many of the world’s notorious pirates, a factor articulated to the practices of Henry Morgan. Ancient practices continually passed through generations and the country’s current culture of Jamaica is comprised of notorious and aggressive individuals, many of whom are youths. The rise in crimes and indulgence in drugs, and the considerable praise heaped on the legendary Captain Morgan reflect to the c urrent practices. In the 15th century, the British were well established and had begun to rear a wide variety of domestic animals ranging from fowl, flocks of sheep, horses, mules, and wild birds of whose products would be of vital use at their homes. The masters argued out that all the present animal and food variety were of better quality compared to those present in their homeland, Britain. As the colony continuously amassed strengths and engaged in worthwhile economic activities, their Spanish predecessors would make surprise attacks, but all were combated by the military

Community culture and change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Community culture and change - Essay Example It bothers much on the issue of the ethnical minority whereas Britain believes in enrichment of lives through cosmopolitan outlook of human existence via eco-social aspect of its perception. Behind the principle of social theories that every good society is ever changing, there erects the monument of the cross-question what about the recognition of the ethnical identity of the mainstream Britain. The opportunity of racial acceptance, religious tolerance, political understanding and economic support led Britain to face this serious question withering the belief that society that does not change gets extinction. Initiated and influenced by British initiative in the post and prior industrial revolution European White settlers almost colonized the one third of the world. The Second World War brought a drastic change in the imperialistic set up and colonial power had to honor the democratic rights of each commonwealth nations. This followed a great influx of immigrants in Britain in the p rocess of idealizing a multicultural British society. Still the question poses the righteousness of such historic liberality.The latest official figures surveyed in 2006 show net immigration to the UK of 591,000 immigrants and 400,000 emigrants Stephens, J. 2006 "Multiculturalism". Only one in six were from Eastern European countries. Immigrants from New Commonwealth countries outnumbered them. Immigration from the Indian subcontinent, mainly fuelled by family reunion, accounted for two-thirds of net immigration. By contrast, at least 5.5 million British-born people are living abroad. The threats born out of liberal public policies in Great Britain demand minute scrutiny over the facts of composite culture. No civilized man would appreciate the historic 7 July whatever be the ground of identity crisis if even one side the bombers and their influencing powers. The 7 July 2005 London bombings were a series of coordinated terrorist bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during the morning rush hour. At 8:50 a.m., three bombs exploded within fifty seconds of each other on three London Underground trains. A fourth bomb exploded on a bus nearly an hour later at 9:47 a.m. in Tavistock Square. The bombings killed 52 commuters and the four suicide bombers, injured 700, and caused disruption of the city's transport system and the country's mobile telecommunications infrastructure, (News archive 'The Guardian' UK). Different world free thinkers forums were shocked to get the shocking news that mix origin British citizens carried the nasty terrorist's acts. Fun damental belief system inspired them, which has been a serious concern for the mainstream British today. HISTORIC CULMINATION OF CHANGES IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Social changes that promoted multicultural consensus of human existence under the British clemency had its roots in literature, art, science, technology and every sort of humanistic social institutions. Their terrestrial expansion even propagated a classless and fearless free society where feminism,

If the gold standard was in use today, would it hinder economic growth Essay Example for Free

If the gold standard was in use today, would it hinder economic growth Essay The gold standard refers to a monetary system in which the unit of account of money will be fixed with the weight of gold. There are many people who argue that the gold standard should be implemented to bring down the inflation. By fixing the supply of money with gold, the government will not be able to issue money without having gold in reserve. However, on the other hand, there are experts who argue that by fixing the supply of money with gold, economic growth will be hindered as the amount of gold available on Earth is limited (Mises, 2009). This paper will show that the gold standard will hinder economic growth. I’ll firstly argue that there is a limited amount of gold in this world. Secondly, economic growth is seen as limited. Lastly, the amount of commerce will eventually reach a level equal to the gold holdings by the central bank of the country. Economic growth will be hindered if the gold standard is applied as there is a finite amount of gold in the world. Economic growth requires that there should be sufficient liquidity in the system. By adhering to the gold standard, economic growth will be hindered as to supply more money, the government will first need to buy gold. (Skousen, 1997) Secondly, economic growth is seen to be unlimited. This doesn’t complement with the gold standard, as the amount of gold is limited in the world. If economic growth is to be unlimited, then there must be enough money supply to finance it. The gold standard makes to difficult for governments to issue money, which in fact limits economic growth. (Cagan, 1982) Lastly, if the value of the dollar is limited by the amount of gold, then amount of commerce would reach a level equal to the gold holdings. In order for more money to be issued, the government would have to purchase more gold to back the increase in dollars issued. All the three points written above are influenced by the single factor that the supply is limited, while the demand for gold seems to be unlimited. (Cagan, 1982) Another problem with the gold standard is how to determine what weight of gold will equal to one unit of account. Furthermore, the gold standard can be suicidal for developing economies. Developing economies will need to buy gold to finance their economic growth, which might already be to expensive to buy for them. Currently, these economies are able to finance it through a budget deficit. Moreover, how will the gold standard be able to handle the speed and complexity of today’s financial transactions? Lastly, if the world shifts to a gold standard, then all the governments will need to burn huge amount of fiat money to make sure that the money supply equals to the amount of gold in the economy. Eichengreen Marc, 1997) In conclusion, I believe that although by adhering to the gold standard the level of inflation will come down. However, the economic growth of a country will be hinder. The major reason for this is the limited supply of gold. Furthermore, if the gold standard is implemented the prices of gold will shoot up, making it more difficult for developing economies to grow up. Last ly, the government will need to burn huge amounts of fiat money to make sure that the there is no extra money in the economy.

The History of Mexican-Americans Explored Through Film Essay -- Mexico

The History of Mexican-Americans Explored Through Film The hardships that Mexican-Americans have faced started well before Reies Lopez Tijierina and Corky Gonzalaz led the Chicano movement in the sixties, and well before the Coronado Bridge was built in San Diego. It started with the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hilago. The treaty signed in 1848 by the United States and Mexico established new boarders between the two countries. This treaty forever changed the lives of Mexicans then and still today. When the United States gained control of the land in the Southwest all the Mexicans that had been living there became citizens of the U.S. The land that had once been theirs, the land that they had grown up on the their great grandparents had grown up on was now being taken by the U.S. government. Felix Gutierrez, a fourth generation Californian, sums up the feelings of Mexican-Americans best when he said, "My great grandfather didn’t cross the boarder, the boarder crossed him." (interview with Jorge Quiroga) Around the time that the Cold War started to heat up Reies Lopez Tijerina started to fight back for the land of Tierra Amarilla. It was once land that had once belonged to Amarlla, and had sold for 200 dollars and some horses, and Tijierina said it was time to take it back. The film Chicano! shows that with this one defining act Tijerina spearheaded the Chicano movement. The word Chicano which means "poorest of the poor" spread like wild fire throughout the Mexican-American community in the Southwest. Chicanos saw what Dr. Martin Luther King was doing for the African Americans and they realized that they were also victims of labor, education and even military discrimination. Tijierina’s argument and desire for change had been ba... ... Chicano! takes an in depth and vivid look at the Chicano movement led by Tijerina and Corky and how the two of those men have instilled an everlasting fight for equal rights in the Mexican-American community. The web sight Chicano Park tells the history of the Coronado Bridge and exhibits the murals in the park. These murals are the testimony for the Mexican-American’s struggle for equal rights in the United States. In reading Zack’s paper, he makes a good point that in the school systems students never really learn about this part of our history. I agree and also think that if students had learned this, the Chicano movement would benefit. Parker also makes a good point that projects like Chicano Park are very good for the Mexican communities. I feel that public places that represents a people’s history and struggle, help brings that community together and stronger.

Diabetes Education Plan

Introduction According to Johnson and Raterink (2009), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global chronic health issue. Though, it is found that the condition is largely preventable as many of the risk factors for developing the disease such as excess weight, poor diet, inactivity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, are modifiable behaviours (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011).A client newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM may be unaware that the illness can be effectively self-managed with changes to diet, lifestyle and if necessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2008). Therefore, the aim of the education plan is to assist the client to make educated lifestyle choices and changes that will improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. The education plan will develop evidence-based client education strategies that focus on diabetes management and the modification of unhealthy lifestyle b ehaviours.According to Funnell, Anderson, Austin, and Gillespie (2007), developing appropriate indvidualised educational strategies that increase client knowledge enables the client to make self-directed behavioural changes that aid in effective self-management and improved health outcomes. Background Diabetes care and self-management education needs to be tailored to the individual (Funnell et al. , 2007). The client, in whom this education plan is tailored for, is a 50 year old male with a body mass index of 32 who has been newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM.In designing the education plan it is also important to assess and include extended resources of support for the client (Goldie, 2008). Resources of support may include client’s family and friends, utilisation of local community services and allied health care providers such as social workers, dieticians and podiatrists (Hunt & Grant, 2010). For the client to make informed choices they need to be educated on the disease pro cess and possible complications. Diabetes is an illness that occurs when the body in unable to maintain normal levels of glucose in the blood (McKenny & Short, 2011).Type 2 DM is a progressive disease, characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the secretion of insulin (AIHW, 2012). Chronic hyperglycemia affects function of cells and tissues and may result in cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, vision loss and lower limb amputations due to neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease complications (AIHW, 2008). Treatment of Type 2 DM is complex with evidence emphasizing the need and importance of a collaborative healthcare team approach (Robertson, 2011).Initial treatment for those newly diagnosed involves nutritional therapy and exercise to aid in weight loss (Zisser, Gong, Kelley, Seidman, & Riddell, 2011). However, as Type 2 DM is a chronic progressive condition, pharmacotherapy is usually required (Tsang, 2012). Oral hypogylcaemic agents are typically the first p harmacological intervention to improve glycaemic control and these agents include Biguanides (Metformin), Sulphonylureas, Acarbose, Meglitinides, and Thiazolidinediones (Phillips & Twigg, 2010; Sanchez, 2011). Tsang (2012) argues that Metformin is recommended as the first line of treatment.In addition, due to the progressive nature of the condition most clients will require insulin therapy to achieve and maintain adequate glycaemic control (Nyenwe, Jerkins, Umpierrez, & Kitabchi, 2011). Newly diagnosed clients require substantial guidance and education regarding disease self-management (Johnson & Raterink, 2009). Self-management issues the client and family may have include adhering continually to a daily regime of monitoring blood sugar levels and the self regulation of diet, exercise and medication (Long & Gambling, 2011).Clients and their families also need to know how to manage the complications of diabetes including foot hygiene and the management of hypogylcaemic or hyperglyca emic episodes (Sanchez, 2011). Specific focus of education Through the identification of self management issues and potential areas of knowledge deficit, the nurse is able to tailor an education plan that focuses on the individual learning needs of the client and their family, resulting in mutually agreed upon short and long term goals (Aranda, 2008).Therefore, client and family education will focus on positive lifestyle modifications to increase physical activity and improve eating habits (Bartol, 2012). The lifestyle modifications of healthy eating and increased activity levels improve blood glucose control, aid in weight management, improve general health and may reduce the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (Sanchez, 2011; AIWH, 2012). In addition, education on the self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) focuses on self-management strategies.Education should focus on how to perform the test with the use of a blood glucose meter, how to care for equipment and how to manage a high or low blood glucose reading (Sanchez, 2011). SMBG is an important component of diabetes management as it enables the client to learn and evaluate the effects of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels which should aid better adherence to treatment regime (Nyenwe et al. , 2011). Client knowledge deficit in relation to oral hypogylcaemic medications and insulin therapy should also be addressed.Medication education should provide information regarding what each medication is, dosage, possible side effects and if they interact with any other medications (Bullock & Manias, 2011). Education that focuses on medications is important as it can enhance clients understanding and willingness to take it (Bartol, 2011). Lastly, due to the increased risk of foot ulceration and lower limb amputations, it is important to provide an educational intervention that focuses on foot hygiene and care (Ogrin & Sands, 2006).Diabetes education on foot care aims to prevent foot ulceration by focusing on sel f management strategies to improve foot care behaviours (The National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2009). Education Strategies Before educational strategies can be implemented you must first identify possible challenges and any potential barriers to learning your client may have (Beagly, 2011). According to Beagly (2011) â€Å"barriers that inhibit patient education are age, literacy, language, culture and physiological obstacles† (p. 31). Preferred learning style, language, cognitive ability and literacy level are determined during the assessment process (Funnell et al. , 2007). As the client is a 50 year old male, the principles of adult learning should be applied when choosing an appropriate educational strategy (Bullock & Manias, 2011). The principles of adult learning highlight that adults bring life experience with them and adults generally prefer self-directed, problem-based education that is relevant and applicable to their lives (Clapper, 2010).One-on -one discussion is one educational strategy found to have positive effects on lifestyle changes and increasing knowledge for clients with diabetes (NHMRC, 2009). One-on-one discussions enhance application of new information through the provision of relevant and practical advice, thus reflecting the principles of adult learning (Bullock & Manias, 2011). These discussions also enable feedback on progression and application of theory into practice (Kaufman, 2003). Discussions should also include individual and group family education sessions.Mayberry and Osborn (2012) have found that when family members are educated on diabetes management, improvements in clients self-care behaviours, weight and glycaemic control were noted. Providing education through demonstration is another effective adult learning strategy and should be used for educating the client on SMBG and foot care. Demonstration is an effective strategy for my client as according to the theory of self-efficacy, â€Å"observ ing other people can strengthen our beliefs that we can perform similar tasks, even when the task is unfamiliar† (Kaufman, 2003, p. 14). Furthermore, both discussion and demonstration are effective strategies for my client as most middle aged adults still have the cognitive function and ability to learn new skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). Diabetes management is multi-disciplinary and requires a collaborative healthcare approach (Hunt & Grant, 2010). As a result, referring the client to a dietitian for review is an important education strategy to aid in positive dietary modifications (Sanchez, 2011).This education strategy draws on the evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of Type 2 DM (Dietitians Association of Australia [DAA], 2006). The guideline highlights that the primary responsibility of the dietitian is to determine a nutrition plan in collaboration with the client’s needs and goals (DAA, 2006). Referring the client to local community s ervices that provide free group exercise programs is also an important education strategy to be incorporated in the plan (Van Dijk, Tummers, Stehouwer, Hartgens, & Van Loon, 2012).Kaufman (2003) argues that according to social learning theory people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modeling behaviour. Visual material including handouts, information packs and website resources are also effective educational strategies for adult learners as they assist self-directed learning (Beagley, 2011). Self directed learning is an effective intervention to facilitate behaviour changes as it enables the adult client to be responsible for their learning, promotes autonomy and can be shared and discussed with family and friend support networks (Funnell et al. 2007). Conclusion / Recommendations In conclusion, type DM is a self-managed chronic disease that requires those affected to be actively involved and informed in their own health care. This education plan has provided relevant information and identified appropriate evidence-based educational strategies that can assist the client newly diagnosed with type 2 DM to make positive lifestyle modifications and reduce the risk of complications. The education plan also emphasizes the importance of extended family and community support to assist in positive health outcomes.The translation of knowledge, willingness to change and sustain positive self-care behaviours is now the overall goal with diabetes management requiring ongoing education and support from healthcare professionals to help clients implement and sustain lifestyle changes (Long & Gambling, (2011). It is recommended that the client has regular reviews and health checks then modification of educational needs and strategies can be assessed and implemented as the disease process changes and the needs to the client changes (Bartol, 2012; Funnell et al. , 2007). Diabetes Education Plan Introduction According to Johnson and Raterink (2009), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global chronic health issue. Though, it is found that the condition is largely preventable as many of the risk factors for developing the disease such as excess weight, poor diet, inactivity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, are modifiable behaviours (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011).A client newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM may be unaware that the illness can be effectively self-managed with changes to diet, lifestyle and if necessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2008). Therefore, the aim of the education plan is to assist the client to make educated lifestyle choices and changes that will improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. The education plan will develop evidence-based client education strategies that focus on diabetes management and the modification of unhealthy lifestyle b ehaviours.According to Funnell, Anderson, Austin, and Gillespie (2007), developing appropriate indvidualised educational strategies that increase client knowledge enables the client to make self-directed behavioural changes that aid in effective self-management and improved health outcomes. Background Diabetes care and self-management education needs to be tailored to the individual (Funnell et al. , 2007). The client, in whom this education plan is tailored for, is a 50 year old male with a body mass index of 32 who has been newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM.In designing the education plan it is also important to assess and include extended resources of support for the client (Goldie, 2008). Resources of support may include client’s family and friends, utilisation of local community services and allied health care providers such as social workers, dieticians and podiatrists (Hunt & Grant, 2010). For the client to make informed choices they need to be educated on the disease pro cess and possible complications. Diabetes is an illness that occurs when the body in unable to maintain normal levels of glucose in the blood (McKenny & Short, 2011).Type 2 DM is a progressive disease, characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the secretion of insulin (AIHW, 2012). Chronic hyperglycemia affects function of cells and tissues and may result in cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, vision loss and lower limb amputations due to neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease complications (AIHW, 2008). Treatment of Type 2 DM is complex with evidence emphasizing the need and importance of a collaborative healthcare team approach (Robertson, 2011).Initial treatment for those newly diagnosed involves nutritional therapy and exercise to aid in weight loss (Zisser, Gong, Kelley, Seidman, & Riddell, 2011). However, as Type 2 DM is a chronic progressive condition, pharmacotherapy is usually required (Tsang, 2012). Oral hypogylcaemic agents are typically the first p harmacological intervention to improve glycaemic control and these agents include Biguanides (Metformin), Sulphonylureas, Acarbose, Meglitinides, and Thiazolidinediones (Phillips & Twigg, 2010; Sanchez, 2011). Tsang (2012) argues that Metformin is recommended as the first line of treatment.In addition, due to the progressive nature of the condition most clients will require insulin therapy to achieve and maintain adequate glycaemic control (Nyenwe, Jerkins, Umpierrez, & Kitabchi, 2011). Newly diagnosed clients require substantial guidance and education regarding disease self-management (Johnson & Raterink, 2009). Self-management issues the client and family may have include adhering continually to a daily regime of monitoring blood sugar levels and the self regulation of diet, exercise and medication (Long & Gambling, 2011).Clients and their families also need to know how to manage the complications of diabetes including foot hygiene and the management of hypogylcaemic or hyperglyca emic episodes (Sanchez, 2011). Specific focus of education Through the identification of self management issues and potential areas of knowledge deficit, the nurse is able to tailor an education plan that focuses on the individual learning needs of the client and their family, resulting in mutually agreed upon short and long term goals (Aranda, 2008).Therefore, client and family education will focus on positive lifestyle modifications to increase physical activity and improve eating habits (Bartol, 2012). The lifestyle modifications of healthy eating and increased activity levels improve blood glucose control, aid in weight management, improve general health and may reduce the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (Sanchez, 2011; AIWH, 2012). In addition, education on the self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) focuses on self-management strategies.Education should focus on how to perform the test with the use of a blood glucose meter, how to care for equipment and how to manage a high or low blood glucose reading (Sanchez, 2011). SMBG is an important component of diabetes management as it enables the client to learn and evaluate the effects of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels which should aid better adherence to treatment regime (Nyenwe et al. , 2011). Client knowledge deficit in relation to oral hypogylcaemic medications and insulin therapy should also be addressed.Medication education should provide information regarding what each medication is, dosage, possible side effects and if they interact with any other medications (Bullock & Manias, 2011). Education that focuses on medications is important as it can enhance clients understanding and willingness to take it (Bartol, 2011). Lastly, due to the increased risk of foot ulceration and lower limb amputations, it is important to provide an educational intervention that focuses on foot hygiene and care (Ogrin & Sands, 2006).Diabetes education on foot care aims to prevent foot ulceration by focusing on sel f management strategies to improve foot care behaviours (The National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2009). Education Strategies Before educational strategies can be implemented you must first identify possible challenges and any potential barriers to learning your client may have (Beagly, 2011). According to Beagly (2011) â€Å"barriers that inhibit patient education are age, literacy, language, culture and physiological obstacles† (p. 31). Preferred learning style, language, cognitive ability and literacy level are determined during the assessment process (Funnell et al. , 2007). As the client is a 50 year old male, the principles of adult learning should be applied when choosing an appropriate educational strategy (Bullock & Manias, 2011). The principles of adult learning highlight that adults bring life experience with them and adults generally prefer self-directed, problem-based education that is relevant and applicable to their lives (Clapper, 2010).One-on -one discussion is one educational strategy found to have positive effects on lifestyle changes and increasing knowledge for clients with diabetes (NHMRC, 2009). One-on-one discussions enhance application of new information through the provision of relevant and practical advice, thus reflecting the principles of adult learning (Bullock & Manias, 2011). These discussions also enable feedback on progression and application of theory into practice (Kaufman, 2003). Discussions should also include individual and group family education sessions.Mayberry and Osborn (2012) have found that when family members are educated on diabetes management, improvements in clients self-care behaviours, weight and glycaemic control were noted. Providing education through demonstration is another effective adult learning strategy and should be used for educating the client on SMBG and foot care. Demonstration is an effective strategy for my client as according to the theory of self-efficacy, â€Å"observ ing other people can strengthen our beliefs that we can perform similar tasks, even when the task is unfamiliar† (Kaufman, 2003, p. 14). Furthermore, both discussion and demonstration are effective strategies for my client as most middle aged adults still have the cognitive function and ability to learn new skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). Diabetes management is multi-disciplinary and requires a collaborative healthcare approach (Hunt & Grant, 2010). As a result, referring the client to a dietitian for review is an important education strategy to aid in positive dietary modifications (Sanchez, 2011).This education strategy draws on the evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of Type 2 DM (Dietitians Association of Australia [DAA], 2006). The guideline highlights that the primary responsibility of the dietitian is to determine a nutrition plan in collaboration with the client’s needs and goals (DAA, 2006). Referring the client to local community s ervices that provide free group exercise programs is also an important education strategy to be incorporated in the plan (Van Dijk, Tummers, Stehouwer, Hartgens, & Van Loon, 2012).Kaufman (2003) argues that according to social learning theory people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modeling behaviour. Visual material including handouts, information packs and website resources are also effective educational strategies for adult learners as they assist self-directed learning (Beagley, 2011). Self directed learning is an effective intervention to facilitate behaviour changes as it enables the adult client to be responsible for their learning, promotes autonomy and can be shared and discussed with family and friend support networks (Funnell et al. 2007). Conclusion / Recommendations In conclusion, type DM is a self-managed chronic disease that requires those affected to be actively involved and informed in their own health care. This education plan has provided relevant information and identified appropriate evidence-based educational strategies that can assist the client newly diagnosed with type 2 DM to make positive lifestyle modifications and reduce the risk of complications. The education plan also emphasizes the importance of extended family and community support to assist in positive health outcomes.The translation of knowledge, willingness to change and sustain positive self-care behaviours is now the overall goal with diabetes management requiring ongoing education and support from healthcare professionals to help clients implement and sustain lifestyle changes (Long & Gambling, (2011). It is recommended that the client has regular reviews and health checks then modification of educational needs and strategies can be assessed and implemented as the disease process changes and the needs to the client changes (Bartol, 2012; Funnell et al. , 2007).

Bangle Sellers

The poem â€Å"Bangle Sellers† was first published in the year 1912 by Sarojini Naidu in her collection of poems called â€Å"The Bird of Time. † A group of bangle sellers is on its way to the temple fair to sell their bangles. One of them is the narrator of this poem. They are an impoverished and marginalized group of people whose income from the sales of their bangles is at the best of times uncertain and very meagre. However the bangles they sell are of religious and symbolic importance: no Indian widow is permitted to wear bangles. Hence the wearing of bangles is considered to be very auspicious and of symbolic value bordering on the religious. What is of great significance in the poem is that the bangle seller does not say a word about his/her poverty, nor does he/she say anything about the profit that he/she intends to make by selling his/her bangles at the temple fair where he/she will certainly do roaring sales. On the contrary he/she only concentrates on the human element of the product he/she is going to sell at the temple fair: Who will buy these delicate, bright Rainbow-tinted circles of light? Lustrous tokens of radiant lives, For happy daughters and happy wives. Sarojini Naidu has foregrounded the auspiciousness and the symbolic value of the custom of wearing bangles by repeating â€Å"happy. † The ‘happy' daughters look forward to their marital bliss while the ‘happy' wives are content and glory in the fulfillment which is a result of their marital status. Each of the next three stanzas deal with the three stages in the life of of an average Indian woman – a virgin maiden, an expectant bride and finally a mature matriarch. The bangles are of many colors. However, each stage in an Indian woman's life s described lyrically and appropriately according to the colour of the bangle suitable to that stage:for the maiden virgin who is always dreaming of a happily married life it is a misty silver and blue, for the expectant and passionate bride it is a golden yellow, and for the mature matriarch it is a â€Å"purple and gold flecked grey. † Simil arly Sarojini Naidu very poetically describes the longings of an Indian woman according to each stage of her life: the virgin maiden is carrying in her heart countless dreams of her future married life and she is compared to a â€Å"bud that dreams. The young bride is described as brimming over with passionate desire although she is nervous about what the future holds for her as she leaves her parental home – â€Å"bridal laughter and bridal tear. † Finally, she describes the proud and faithful matriarch who has attained fulfillment by successfully rearing her sons – â€Å"serves her house in fruitful pride -† and hence is permitted to take her rightful place by the side of her husband in all the domestic religious rituals.

The Varied Size of the Roman Legions

The Varied Size of the Roman Legions Even in the course of a military campaign, the size of a Roman legion varied because, unlike the case of the Persian Immortals, there wasnt always someone waiting in the wings to take over when a legionary (​miles legionarius) was slain, taken prisoner or incapacitated in battle. Roman legions varied over time not only in size but in number. In an article estimating population size in ancient Rome, Lorne H. Ward says that up to at least the time of the Second Punic War, a maximum of around 10% of the population would be mobilized in the case of a national emergency, which he says would be about 10,000 men or about two legions. Ward comments that in the early, close-to-annual border skirmishes, only the number of men in half a conventional legion might be deployed. Early Composition of the Roman Legions The earliest Roman army consisted of a general levy which was raised from the aristocratic landowners .... based on the three tribes, each of which provided 1000 infantry.... Each of the three corps of 1000 comprised ten groups or centuries, corresponding to the ten curiae of each tribe.- Cary and Scullard The Roman armies (exercitus) were composed mainly of Roman legions from the time of the legendary reforms of King Servius Tullius [also see Mommsen], according to ancient historians Cary and Scullard. The name for the legions comes from the word for the levy (legio from a Latin verb for to choose [legere]) that was made on the basis of wealth, in the new tribes Tullius is also supposed to have created. Each legion was to have 60 centuries of infantry. A century is literally 100 (elsewhere, you see a century in the context of 100 years), so the legion would have originally had 6000 infantrymen. There were also auxiliaries, cavalry, and non-combatant hangers-on. In the time of the kings, there may have been 6 centuries of cavalry (equites) or Tullius may have increased the number of equestrian centuries from 6 to 18, which were divided into 60 units called turmae* (turma in the singular).Increasing Number of LegionsWhen the Roman Republic started, with two consuls as leaders, each cons ul had command over two legions. These were numbered I-IV. The number of men, organization and selection methods changed over time. The tenth (X) was Julius Caesars famous legion. It was also named Legio X Equestris. Later, when it was combined with soldiers from other legions, it became Legio X Gemina. By the time of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, there were already 28 legions, most of which were commanded by a senatorial legate. During the Imperial period, there was a core of 30 legions, according to military historian Adrian Goldsworthy. Republican Period Roman ancient historians Livy and Sallust mention that the Senate set the size of the Roman legion each year during the Republic, based on the situation and available men. According to 21st-century Roman military historian and former National Guard officer Jonathan Roth, two ancient historians of Rome, Polybius (a Hellenistic Greek) and Livy (from the Augustan era), describe two sizes for Roman legions of the Republican period. One size is for the standard Republican legion and the other, a special one for emergencies. The size of the standard legion was 4000 infantry and 200 cavalry. The size of the emergency legion was 5000 and 300. The historians admit of exceptions with legion size going as low as 3000 and as high as 6000, with cavalry ranging from 200-400. The tribunes in Rome, after administering the oath, fix for each legion a day and place at which the men are to present themselves without arms and then dismiss them. When they come to the rendezvous, they choose the youngest and poorest to form the velites; the next to them are made hastati; those in the prime of life principes; and the oldest of all triarii, these being the names among the Romans of the four classes in each legion distinct in age and equipment. They divide them so that the senior men known as triarii number six hundred, the principes twelve hundred, the hastati twelve hundred, the rest, consisting of the youngest, being velites. If the legion consists of more than four thousand men, they divide accordingly, except as regards the triarii, the number of whom is always the same.- Polybius VI.21 Imperial Period In the imperial legion, beginning with Augustus, the organization is thought to have been: 10 squads (contubernia - a tent group of generally 8 men) a century, each commanded by a centurion 80 men [note that the size of a century had diverged from its original, literal meaning of 100]6 centuries a cohort 480 men10 cohorts a legion 4800 men. Roth says the Historia Augusta, an unreliable historical source from the late 4th century A.D., may be right in its figure of 5000 for imperial legion size, which works if you add the 200 cavalry figure to the product above of 4800 men. There is some evidence that in the first century the size of the first cohort was doubled: The question of the size of the legion is complicated by the indications that, at some point subsequent to the Augustan reform, the organization of the legion was altered by the introduction of a doubled first cohort.... The principal evidence for this reform comes from Pseudo-Hyginus and Vegetius, but in addition there are inscriptions listing discharged soldiers by cohort, which indicate that about twice as many men were discharged from the first cohort than from the others. The archaeological evidence is ambiguous... at most legionary camps the pattern of barracks suggests that the first cohort was of the same size as the other nine cohorts.- Roth * M. Alexander Speidel (Roman Army Pay Scales, by M. Alexander Speidel; The Journal of Roman Studies Vol. 82, (1992), pp. 87-106.) says the term turma was only used for the auxiliaries: Clua was a member of a squadron (turma) - a subdivision known only in the auxilia- led by a certain Albius Pudens. Although Clua named his unit simply by the colloquial expression equites Raetorum, we can be certain a cohors Raetorum equitata was meant, perhaps cohors VII Raetorum equitata, which is attested at Vindonissa during the mid-first century. The Imperial Army Beyond the Legions Complicating questions of the size of the Roman legion were the inclusion of men other than the fighters in the numbers given for the centuries. There were large numbers of slaves and civilian non-combatants (lixae), some armed, others not. Another complication is the likelihood of a double-sized first cohort beginning during the Principate. In addition to the legionaries, there were also auxiliaries who were mainly non-citizens, and a navy. Sources Roman Population, Territory, Tribe, City, and Army Size from the Republics Founding to the Veientane War, 509 B.C.-400 B.C., by Lorne H. Ward;  The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 111, No. 1 (Spring, 1990), pp. 5-39A History of Rome, by M. Cary and H.H. Scullard; New York, 1975.The Size and Organization  of the Roman Imperial Legion, by Jonathan Roth;  Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte,  Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362How Rome Fell, by Adrian Goldsworthy; Yale University Press, 2009.

The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words

The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words By Mark Nichol According to Merriam-Webster’s website, these are the ten most frequently search terms on the site- not what is trending now, but the words that consistently rank among the top searches. 1. Affect/Effect This double entry is not surprising; the confusion between affect and effect is one of the most common among homophones (words that sound alike but are spelled differently) and near homophones. Merriam-Webster advises that writers can use a simple rule in mind when determining which word to use- affect is usually a verb and effect is usually a noun- but exceptions in which the reverse is true are frequent enough to render this advice scarcely useful. Another mnemonic to help you distinguish the two is that to affect is to have an effect, and an affect leads to an effect. Affect usually means â€Å"have an effect or influence,† as in â€Å"Will not completing this assignment affect my grade?† while an effect is something that is the result of a causative phenomenon (hence the phrase â€Å"cause and effect†), as in â€Å"Will not completing this have an effect on my grade?† But note that affect can also serve as a noun meaning â€Å"aspect of an emotion† or â€Å"evidence of an emotion.† In psychology, to say that one presents a flat affect is to express that the person exhibits little or no emotion. In addition, effect is sometimes used as a verb meaning â€Å"bring about,† as in â€Å"Our goal is to effect a change in policy.† One can also say, â€Å"Our goal is to affect a change in policy,† but that means that one merely wishes to have an impact; to effect a change is to deliberately create the change. As a verb, affect also means â€Å"create the appearance of,† as when one affects a sophisticated manner to conceal humble origins, or â€Å"pretend,† as when one affects not to know about something that one is actually aware of. Either sense implies deception. The adjective affective means â€Å"emotional† or â€Å"expressing emotion,† while affecting, as an adjective, means â€Å"evoking a strong emotional response.† Effective means â€Å"producing a decisive or desired effect† and pertains to being actual, operative, or ready (and rarely, as a noun, denotes one who is effective), while effectual means â€Å"producing, or able to produce, a desired effect.† 2. Albeit This archaic-seeming word means â€Å"even though†; one would write, for example, â€Å"The jacket was expensive, albeit a practical necessity in cold weather.† It is one in a category of compound words combined to serve as an adverb, such as notwithstanding and nevertheless, or a conjunction such as the rare word howbeit or the common term whereas. 3. Ambiguous Ambiguous means â€Å"doubtful or uncertain† or â€Å"unexplainable,† but usually it denotes something that can be understood in two distinct ways, as when one exclaims, â€Å"I’ve never seen anything like it,† which does not inform the listener about whether the speaking is commenting positively or negatively. The first element, ambi-, meaning â€Å"both† or â€Å"on both sides,† is also seen in ambivalent (with which it is often confused, though that word means â€Å"having contradictory feelings†) and ambidextrous. The noun form of ambiguous is ambiguity. 4. Apathetic Apathetic is an adjective meaning â€Å"indifferent† or â€Å"uncaring†; the noun form, apathy, literally means â€Å"lack of feeling.† (This post discusses this and other words formed from the root pathos, meaning â€Å"feeling† or â€Å"suffering.†) 5. Conundrum Conundrum refers to complex, difficult problems or, more informally, a mystery or puzzle (or a riddle with a punning answer). The word is, ironically, itself a mystery, with an unknown etymology, although one theory is that hundreds of years ago, an Oxford University student coined the word to parody Latin; indeed, more than one spelling among various forms used in the word’s early years began with qu-, often a sign of Latin origin. 6. Cynical A cynical person is one skeptical of others’ motives or convinced that people always put their own interests before those of others. The word derives from the name of a Greek school of philosophy, whose adherents were called Cynics (from the Greek term kynikos, meaning â€Å"like a dog†); one with a cynical attitude is a cynic, and the quality of being cynical is called cynicism. 7. Integrity Integrity is the quality of being fair and honest (said of a person) or of being complete or sound (said of an object), as in the notion of structural integrity of something constructed. 8. Love Love is the most curious entry in this list, as it is a deceptively simple word. Love, however, can- as a noun or a verb- express a passion for anything (â€Å"I love that movie!†) as well as romantic and sexual feelings or behavior, in addition to religious passion. Loving and lovable are adjectival forms, and one who loves is a lover. 9. Pretentious Someone who has an exaggerated sense of importance or worth is pretentious; such a person is said to have pretensions, even if only one category of pretension exists, and a pretense is a deception (as in the redundant but idiomatic phrase â€Å"false pretenses†). The word is derived from the Latin verb praetendere, which literally means â€Å"stretch in front†; pre means â€Å"before,† and tendere, meaning â€Å"stretch,† is the basis of tender (as in â€Å"tender one’s resignation†) and tendon, the term for connective tissue that stretches between muscles and bones. (Tender in the sense of â€Å"sensitive† or â€Å"loving,† among other meanings, is unrelated.) By extension, the notion of literal stretching gave way to the meanings â€Å"stretching the truth† or â€Å"acting as if something not true is true,† and one who acts pretentiously is a pretender. 10. Ubiquitous Something widespread is ubiquitous; the quality of something existing everywhere or being encountered often is ubiquity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Dawned vs. Donned50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Challenges in recovery of mental health client Essay

Challenges in recovery of mental health client - Essay Example The depiction in the text is protected and the inferences are not aimed at anyone whatsoever. The paper is a reflection of study on the addictions in the country. The victim of the study is fictitious and used based on education with reference to drug abuse. Addictions are resultant to the use of substance initially pleasurable but the continued use becomes obsessive and hampers with ordinary life errands like work and health or relationships. When out of control, it affects the people around you directly or indirectly (Taite & Scharff, 2013, 25). Ms. M has been in the country for 30 years as an illegal immigrant after getting into the country through the Mexican border with the aim of making a good life in the land of opportunities. This client is 46 years of age, and Latina of descent. She started working as a bartender at a local bar near her residence before she had become an addict of the substances. She is a mother of two children one who died from an OD and the other daughter is stable and working for the government and isolated herself from the habits of her mother. She blames the mother for the death of her sister. Her drug abuse led her into debt and bad choices where she lost her home and a place to leave (Rassool, & Gafoor, 2007). She has been struggling in the streets of New York moving from shelter to shelter. She no longer works and has to scavenge for a drug handout from the dealers who give her under the regulations (Boyd, 2007). Ms. M came to the center to apply for rehabilitation after opting to find refuge to the prevalent case of drug abuse in the life she leads. MS. M is began to express her thought in the life she leads was not very sustaining as pertains to the age she was now. Her social life has been dysfunctional since she started to consume many different drugs with the aim of getting high. She gradually graduated from the simple marijuana to cocaine and went into the use of crystal meth. The abuse of drugs has made Ms. M looks older than actually is since the drugs are taking most of her money and little goes into her health. She does not have any medical insurance. She asserts that she is determined to get help ad has enrolled in a local hospital after being rejected severally. Her emotional detachment from her daughter who is still alive does not seem to bother her since she says she does not want to hurt herself emotionally (Dossey & Keegan, 2009). She has the urge to reconnect but the daughter has not yet agreed to come to terms with the mother. The greatest obstacle M faces are the change in the lifestyle she is used to, now she lives with a dealer who is sometimes the boyfriend and uses the drugs as an advantage to having her do his bid. At times, she is forced to take the drugs since they are flaunted in front of her. She asserts that her devotion is tested by the social circle she dwells (Peabody, 2013). She says that the worst and saddening time of her life was when she would give her body to get a do se of the drug and that would always lead to her getting raped by the dealers. Ms. M has been struggling with the addiction from abuse of drugs and specifically crystal meth, which she was hooked on recently. She has the courage to overcome the drug abuse and the social circles that make her life miserable. The use of crystal meth was the last option she had after her struggle with cash proved stronger. Present issues M has been using the drug for more than 20 years where she had drug

Auditor at Deloitte Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Auditor at Deloitte - Research Paper Example Job security- There is fewer jobs that offer higher salaries and secured job than the job of an accountant. Any kind of business requires an accountant so the scope of landing a job as an accountant is immense. On top of that of one earns a CPA license or a master’s degree then the possibility of landing in a good job increases much further. The job of an accountant in addition to being secure is one where demand for accountants is likely to grow at a steady rate of 13% from 2012 to 2022. The pay package of an accountant is quite high and the minimum education required for being an accountant is a bachelor’s degree in accountancy. Now coming to the choice of Deloitte, Deloitte is one of the big 4 accounting firm. These accounting firms specialize in audit, and other jobs of finance. Over several years Deloitte has merged with several other firms on order to become one of the largest accounting firms on whole world. In 2013 the total annual revenue was $32.4 billion. The firm continued to grow through revision and approx annual growth in 2012 was 8%. The job at Deloitte is one of the most prestigious jobs at one of the most professional services of the world. Deloitte is one of the best places to work in the world (Deloitte). A career in audit at Deloitte is a key link in the financial reporting chain that puts one in the position of trusted advisor to different businesses across different regions. The skills required for the job are analytical skills required for the analysis of the business requirements. In addition one must be thoroughly aware of the audit practices at Deloitte. The job requires analytical skills; good grasp of subject knowledge in addition to understands the needs and requirements of the customers well so that specific solutions can be tailor made for the requirements of the clients. All these activities that need to be done are in keeping and adhering to the highest standard on independence,

Week 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Week 3 - Coursework Example The Act also has a crucial provision, Â §404 which requires companies to evaluate their internal financial-reporting controls on an annual basis. While the intention of this legislation is clear, the outcome is still debatable in terms of the benefits it brings to the company and the economy as compared to the costs. Some of the provisions that bring this debate include those that cover issues related to insider trading, auditor independence, internal controls, corporate responsibilities, and internal controls. After the collapse of Enron and WorldCom that left shockwaves throughout the corporate world and left investors in the biggest accounting scandal in history, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enforced. This act has become the most significant legislation that embraces corporate governance in the United States since the securities laws of the 1930s. SOX has resulted in a number of changes in the regulatory environment and governance in the United States, including requiring separate analysts of the financial statements from underwriters, requiring senior management to certify their company’s quarterly financial statements, heightened disclosure, and requiring attorneys to report fraud or crimes when detected without delay. While the intention of SOX is clear, there has been a debate about its effects. Proponents of this legislation maintain the fact that it helps investors be more confident in the safety of their investments because it has helped in improving the accuracy of th e financial reports and transparency. On the other hand, opponents argue that compliance to this Act results in a greater burden to public firms, especially those which are small because of increased average costs as a result of the new regulations. Studies show that SOX has resulted in a dramatic increase in companies’ compliance costs. Even though this cost has now reduced as

Child Rights On Decision Making Young People Essay

Child Rights On Decision Making Young People Essay Children have the same rights as adults. As a vulnerable group, children have particular rights that recognize their special need for protection and also that help them develop their full potential. Children are not helpless objects of charity or a property of their parents. They are recognized as human beings and the subjects of their own rights. A child is an individual, a family and community member with rights and appropriate responsibilities for his or her age and development stage. Children should enjoy the basic qualities of life as rights rather than privileges accorded to them (CRC 2006) Every child whether a boy or girl irrespective of age is unique and has important value as a human being with the right to respect for their human dignity. It has a right to be heard and to be considered in all matters and decisions that concern him or her, a right to be listened to and to be taken seriously (CRIN, 2002). This increases mutual respect and understanding between children and adults. Childrens participation protects them more effectively from abuse and exploitation. When we understand and respect childrens own experiences, we are able to create better protection mechanisms and the children themselves can act as active agents in their own protection. This helps to develop and build recognition of children as independent bearers of rights with a sense of identity and a positive implication for their self esteem (CRIN, 2002). Childrens rights are defined in a wide spectrum of economic, civil, political and social rights. These rights have been labeled as the right to protection and right to empowerment. Some of these rights are: Right to provision: Children have a right to be provided with a good standard of living, education and services, health care and a right to play. These include access to schooling, a balanced diet and a warm bed to sleep in. They also have a right to be protected from neglect, abuse, discrimination and exploitation (CRC, 2006) Children also have a right to participation. They have a right to their own programs and services and to take part in them. This includes decision making and involvement in libraries. Some rights allow children to grow up healthy and free. This include; Freedom of speech, Freedom of thought, Freedom from fear, Freedom of choice and to make decisions and Ownership over ones body. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides a framework for addressing not only rights to child protection care and adequate provision, but also for participation. A child who is capable of making his or her own views shall be assured by the parties of the state a right to express them freely (CRC, 2006) The views of the child are given weight according to the maturity and age of the child. A child can participate in the sense of taking part or being present or participate in the sense of knowing that ones actions are taken note of and may be acted upon. The extent to childrens participation will vary between and within societies (CRC, 2006) There has been a clash between the childrens protection and participation rights. Protection rights protect the children against exploitation and abuse for the best interest of the child while participation rights allow children to take part in decisions concerning their lives and a right to freedom of conscious and to hold an opinion. Adults and their childrens views may not always coincide. Many childrens wishes and views are ignored by the adults for the best interest of the child. For instance; Every child is entitled to acquire a name and a nationality. All children registration should be upon birth. The childs name, birth date and parents names are recorded. When a child is given a name at birth, he or she is not given an opportunity to choose a name for himself or herself. The parents do this for the best interests of the child. The child may however, decide to change its name upon reaching the age of maturity. In this case the child is denied a right to participate in choosing its name at first but at later stages of development; the same child can participate in the same by changing to its desired name (CRC). A child has a right to be protected from all forms of punishment or discrimination regardless of their age, race, sex, religion, status, their expressed opinions, activities and beliefs of the family members. As much as a child has a right to religion, to express their opinion, or equality regardless of their age, these are sometimes restricted by their parents or legal guardians. For instance, a child is not at liberty to join a religion cult without the parents interference. It is not because the child is denied its freedom to worship but its for the best interest of the child (CRC). Children also have a right to get and share information and to express them. In exercising this right, they are supposed to be careful not to damage themselves or the freedoms, rights and reputations of others. They may share information through talking, writing or drawing. A childs wishes may be ignored if it is for the best of the child. For instance, a child may be denied the right to express dislike or hatred towards a particular person by hauling insults at the person. On the same, the child may be restricted on the manner of expression. For instance through shouting or screaming or demanding instead of asking politely (CRC). Children have a right of association. They have a right to meet and to join groups and organizations. Not all groups joined by children are acceptable by their parents or guardians; this brings a clash between the childrens right of association and prevention of joining them. Children are also restricted from joining into these groups if they stop other people from enjoying their rights. For instance a rioting group which will probably cause peace disturbance to others, or an outlawed group will not be acceptable that the children join (CRC). Children have a right to privacy. They are protected from attacks in their way of life, their name, families and homes. However, their way of life can be invaded by their parents or guardians if its for their best interests, for instance, when parents suspect that the child may be involved in drugs or other unlawful activities they may be forced to ransack the childs room or personal effects (CRC). Its a right for the children to access information. This they get through the radio, newspapers, television, internet and childrens books. They have a right to choose what kind of information they would like to access and in which manner. However, not all information is suitable or helpful to them (CRC). Most of the information provided by the mass media especially the radio, television and internet is unsuitable to children. It may contain violence, obscenity or strong language. Since these are harmful to the children they dont have a right over them and so their parents or guardians have to protect the children from such by deciding on what is good or bad for them. The parents also have to protect on what their children browse on the internet since they can access pornography or sites with violence which are harmful to the child (CRC). It is a childs right to live with its parents. The child can however be separated from the parents when the conditions are not favorable for the child. Such conditions may be neglect or abuse by the parents or separation by the parents hence the state has to decide on which parent has to live with the child. If the child has no parents the state decides on a home or an institution for the child to live. In this case the child may not have much of a say in the choice of who to live with. Sometimes children run away from their birth homes to live with their relatives or even live on the streets. This may be as a result of poverty or rebellion. The best interests of the child are considered first before the child is taken back to its parents home (CRC). Conclusion Children have a right to participate in decisions that shape their life and therefore should be given a chance to express their own opinion. However, this right is only exercised considering the maturity and the best interest of the child. Not all decisions that a child makes will be supported by their parents or guardians. For instance, a child cannot make a decision not to go school. For the best interests of the child the child will be forced to attend school.

Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life :: Essays

Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell was born in London on Setpember 29th, 1810 to William and Elizabeth Stevenson. Her father William was a former Unitarian minister who, after retiring from the ministry, â€Å"combined farming, writing, and teaching before being appointed Keeper of the Records to the Treasury" (Allott 10). Her mother, Elizabeth died just over a year after giving birth and, consequently, while still an infant, Gaskell was sent off to live with her aunt, Hannah Lumb who resided in Heathside, Knutford. Throughout her young life, up until her 1832 marriage, Gaskell lived in various places around England including Stratford-on-Avon, where she received some education, Newcastle, Edinburgh, and Manchester. It was in Manchester that she met her husband, William Gaskell, a minister’s assistant, â€Å"who was eventually to [become] Senior Minister and remain at Cross Street [Unitarian Chapel in Manchester] for the rest of a long, active life (Allott 11).† From 1832 to 1848, after her marriage to William Gaskell, Mrs. Gaskell lived a life of domesticity, giving birth to 6 children, with 4 surviving. Besides raising the 4 surviving children, Gaskell worked with her husband to aid, comfort, and minister to the poor of Manchester. In 1845, Gaskell suffered the haunting loss of her only son to scarlet fever at just nineteen months old. With the encouragement of her husband, Gaskell turned her grief towards writing, and her literary career began. Over the course of her literary career, Gaskell wrote â€Å"six novels, several nouvelles, a biography, about thirty short stories, a number of sketches and articles, and a few poems (Allott 8).† The novels, in chronological order were Mary Barton (1848), Cranford (1853), Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Slyvia’s Lovers (1863), and Cousin Phillis (1864). The biography was of her good friend and fellow authoress, Charlotte Brontà «, The Life of Charlotte Brontà « (1857). Gaskell’s career included two controversies, one over her portrayal of the fallen woman in society in Ruth the other over accusations of libel from portrayals in The Life of Charlotte Brontà «. Despite these controversies, Gaskell remained a popular literary figure throughout her life, even enjoying a friendship and working relationship with perhaps the most popular writer of the day, Charles Dickens, to whose Household Words publication she became a frequent contributor. When Gaskell passed away in 1865, The Athenaeum â€Å"rated [Gaskell] ‘if not the most popular, with small question, the most powerful and finished female novelist of an epoch singularly rich in female novelists’(Victorian Web).

Effects of Music on Teenagers Essay

Every teenager who listens to music interprets the lyrics in a different way. Some people take out a deeper meaning from the lyrics, even going to the point of saying that music â€Å"saves their lives†. Music holds a powerful effect on an individual because it can stimulate and provoke multiple responses—physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. But, every genre of music gives its own message to teenagers. Some may enforce positive actions, while some condone negative actions. Rap has the negative status of objectifying women and promoting gang violence. On the other hand, rock has a positive reputation because it helps people cope with their problems and identify with their peers. Everyone, teenagers included, is susceptible to internalizing the messages they hear over and over again. The degree of those messages determines the effect on the teenager. Every genre of music effects teenagers in a different ways. In some genres, like rock, the positive effects outrun the negative, and in some genres, like rap, the exact opposite happens. Structurally, the rock and rap genres has noticeable differences between them. Generally, the sound of rock music rotates around guitars, bass, drums, and the keyboard. There is a large tendency to focus on instruments, especially the guitar, which requires considerable skill to play. For example, the rock band Fall Out Boy consists of four members who each play their own instrument while one member does vocals and plays an instrument. Alternatively, rap’s main focus is free styling and looping words to create a â€Å"story† in a flowing rhyme, keeping it in sync with the beat. In most cases, like the rapper Machine Gun Kelly, the artist preforms by themselves with the assistance with a DJ or MC to play the musical tracks for the songs. Rap displays a larger emphasis on lyrics, while ro ck likes to have a variety of sounds. In the rock genre, it’s all about expression. Rock music can speak about all kinds of topics, from love to some not so pleasant. Many rock musicians sing about real issues that teens are going through, which helps teens find motivation. Adolescents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with older people, most of the time because of ideological differences. This often makes teens with problems shy away from seeking help and guidance. Teens find hope and encouragement when they listen to music that talks about problems they are going through. The identification they are experiencing with the rock song  lyrics can also help teens to become more tolerant and open-minded. A study published for the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition reported that mood regulation is one of the most important reasons why people listen to their favorite music (McCammon). Rock music can help mood regulation in teenagers, especially females who are prone to mood swings and depression. For example, the song Eye of the Tige r by Survivor can cause teens to associate with the underdog. The song provides a positive message, while keeping an uplifting tone throughout the whole song. The music provides depressed teens with a mode to forget their problems and participate in healthy activities, such as dancing. While rock has been given a positive reputation for allowing teenagers to express themselves, some have given it a poor reputation because it can intensify emotions. While those people who are naturally happy and cheerful are less likely to have effects from the negative lyrics, other, less fortunate teens might not be the same. Adolescents who are susceptible to negative, violent, or depressive thoughts are more likely to have those feelings, and act on them, after listening to rock music. At the same time, if a person is not experiencing those negative thoughts, the music can act as a catalyst, causing the teen to have these thoughts and urges. The rap genre is often given a negative reputation for the way it effects teenagers. Critics of the genre say that the music objectifies women and promotes drug use. For example, the song 9 Problems by Jay-Z, repeat edly refers to a woman as a â€Å"bitch.† This song allowed women to be categorized under the vulgar name â€Å"bitch†, because of the high reception the song received in the media (The Portrayal of Women Within Popular Music). A recent study by WebMD reports that teenagers who listen to rap music are more likely to have babies and engage in risky sexual behavior (Kirchheimer). Apparently, this behavior is because the lyrics in many rap songs promote the idea of women as nothing more than sexual objects. Correspondingly, it was shown that youth who listened to rap songs were more likely to get involved with drugs. This is because in some songs, the artists refer to drugs that the person has not heard of, which sparks their curiosity to learn and most likely try the new drugs. The rap genre can also give teenagers a false sense of belonging. When they hear about, or see in the videos, expensive possessions, they feel that if they spend their money to buy that stuff, they can be just like the  people in the videos. The media then uses this to their advantage to market products to the younger, naà ¯ve generations. Even though rap is seen as a vulgar music genre by a large population, it can be positive for teenagers. It makes a person feel good about who they are because even if they may not live a good life, they can relate to the lyrics in a particular song. This is different than the false sense of belonging because instead of the individual trying to fit in, they are finding the place where they fit in, while not changing themselves. Rap lyrics also help youth feel free and powerful. They are free to express what they want to express. Listeners of the music have even gone to the extent of calling the rap genre â€Å"a religion for troubled youth† because it provides them with an outlet to express themselves and something to believe in. It is evident that rock and rap are very different genres that expose different messages to teenagers. But, no matter the genre of music, studies have shown that the use of music videos show an increased open-mindedness to deviant behavior among teenagers. The music videos reinforce what is being heard in the lyrics with the use of visuals. They usually exhibit sexual innuendo, acts of aggression, and gender stereotypes. Research has shown that, after watching videos, men said it was necessary to pursue the women to an inappropriate extent, while women thought it was annoying and/or disturbing. Men scored higher in relations to attitudes for sexual overtones, while women scored higher on the acceptance of interpersonal violence. The results of the study also showed that women who were often subjected to violent music videos were more accepting of violence. Also, men had a greater acceptance of sexual stereotyping and rape myths after watching the videos (The Effects of Violent Music Content On Teens). Over time, people have stereotyped genres of music. Sometimes the music is seen as positive and uplifting. But other times it is seen as negative and downgrading. In the end, the way that music effects teenagers all depends on how the tee n acts and interprets the music. Depending on their emotional and mental status, they can have different reactions to the music than someone who has different feelings than them.