The Plea for the Chimpanzees

In the story â€Å"The Plea for the Chimpanzees† by Jane Goodall, Jane composes of an individual encounter on her visit to a testing place where they utilize different primates to test items, one being chimpanzees. She was annoyed with what she had seen during her visit. Chimpanzees were being dealt with frightfully during and in the wake of being tried. Their everyday environments were not what she would have believed them to be. They were very more regrettable. They had next to no a public activity with different chimpanzees or even humans.I think on the off chance that we are going to utilize chimps to test items or infuse them with our significant infections, at that point the least we can do is give back a tad of opportunity to run and play in a shut, safe condition and offer some sympathy and love to these creatures who are helping us discover remedies for the genuine illnesses we are battling each day. It is demonstrated that if the chimpanzees were within the sight of confided in guardians, who are comprehension of creature conduct, and devoted, they would respond to medicines without being awkward. At the Stanford Primate Center in California, various chimpanzees were educated to expand their arms for the drawing of blood. Consequently they were given a food reward. † (Page 369) We ought to give cherishing and conveying staff to the chimpanzees.If the staff were all the more mindful, at that point it will improve their activity so much and simpler to test the chimps. On the off chance that the tried Chimpanzees were acquainted with adoring parental figure to communicate with or even a chimp who was infused with a similar malady, it would help with the serious issue of chimpanzees going crazy by separation. A youth, for instance, can be dealt with when within the sight of a confided in human companion. Examinations have indicated that youthful chimps respond with significant levels of trouble whenever exposed to mellow electric stuns when a lone, however show practically no dread or torment when held by a thoughtful guardian. † (Page 369) Along with caring staff, the chimps ought to be allowed the chance to have a sterile and safe play room. The chimps ought to be furnished with clean and safe playing gear. An assortment of basic toys and protests and be furnished with little expense. It wouldn’t cost a great deal of cash to give bliss to the creatures that have no freedom.They likewise ought to be given a toy that could assist them with feeling good, for example, a little cover or soft toy that can be cleaned without any problem. Offering these articles can assist chimpanzees with sorrow, and furthermore help on the off chance that one chimp must be disengaged from any association from people or different primates. As I would like to think, I feel it is exceptionally off-base to treat these creatures along these lines. Be that as it may, I know whether we don’t than it would be elusive fixes to our significant infections. However, on the off chance that we are going to remove these animals’ rights and opportunity, the least we can do is give them give it a second thought and love while being tried on.It is exceptionally upsetting to hear how these creatures are secluded in confines that are unreasonably little for them to spread out to extend, or possibly be given some friendship. By what means can their guardians simply kick back and watch the creatures in so much trouble or hear their cries, and not give it a second thought? These creatures need the caring help while being jabbed and pushed and removing their wellbeing. In the event that these creatures were given some affection, greater pens and play time, it will enormously change the manner in which the creature respond to treatment and help the overseers with making their activity simpler.

Violence And TV Essays - Dispute Resolution, Crime, Criminology

Viciousness And TV English 111, Section 06 23 October 1999 television: The Other Parent Is it guardians' issue or youngsters' that they sit hours in front their huge sparkling box entranced, and learning rough conduct as a methods for identifying with others. Reality with regards to TV savagery and kids has been appeared. Studies have been done and all the outcomes point to a similar end: Violence on TV influences the conduct of youngsters who are watching it. Truth be told, viciousness on TV makes kids be progressively brutal, and the impacts could be long lasting. A few clinicians and therapists accept that proceeded introduction to savagery can accelerate the effect of the grown-up world on a youngster's life (Douglas Carter T. V. Savagery and the Child). Introduction to savage material can drive the kid into a sort of untimely development, and make the kid become baffled and have a more prominent doubt towards others. It even could cause the kid to have cumbersome way to deal with grown-up issues and they may even build up a craving not to become grown-ups. TV viciousness can pulverize a youthful youngster's brain, and the impacts might be ever enduring. This is made clear in New York, where a 16-year-old kid broke into a basement. At the point when the police got him what's more, asked him for what good reason he was wearing gloves, he said that he had learned not to leave fingerprints from TV. What's more, significantly another case in Alabama where a nine-year-old got an awful report from his educator and had plans to send her harmed treats like he had seen the prior night on a TV appear (Michael Howe J. A. TV and Children). This demonstrates in the wake of review TV brutality the world, through a kid's eyes, gets misshaped in correlation. The youngsters make savagery to help keep them-selves fulfilled. The explanation kids are so attracted to the viciousness on TV today is that the characters on TV make it look fun, so the kids think that its enjoyable to mirror. The Mighty Morphin' Power Officers are a prime case of children copying TV characters as fun. Our government has led a trial where kids were disregarded in a room with a TV playing a tape of other kids at play, and soon things got out of hand. The children who had quite recently observed business brutality acknowledged a lot higher levels of animosity than other kids. Furthermore, in other research directed, it was discovered that U.S. kids feed off one another's animosity, scholastic issues, disagreeability with companions, and viciousness. What's more, this advances the savage conduct in kids today. It has been discovered that kids who observe more TV are bound to take care of their issues with viciousness as opposed to kids who don't, and plunk down to work their issues out. Be that as it may, as much fierce programs that there are out in the TV world there were (perhaps still are) those projects that show the correct method to determine things. Like the once well known Television arrangement Little House on the Prairie. Michael Landon showed the good benefits of tackling issues without the utilization of savagery. Fixing this issue isn't simple, it will never leave, and in time will deteriorate. About the main approach to address this ever-developing issue is to stop it where it begins: in the home. The guardians should assume up the liability to be more into what their kids watch. The guardians are the good examples for the kids so if the guardians can show the kids that brutality isn't essential, alongside keeping a close eye on what they watch, at that point perhaps this issue before long wouldn't be as terrible as it is currently. After all the kids are everybody's future leaders of this world and what might occur on the off chance that they were all brutal?

Exercise May Help Reduce OCD Symptoms

Exercise May Help Reduce OCD Symptoms OCD Living With OCD Print Exercise May Help Reduce OCD Symptoms By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Jordan Siemens / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions Engaging in aerobic exercise comes with many physical benefits including reduced cholesterol levels and a lowered risk of heart disease and diabetes. If you have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there might be an additional benefit, a reduction of your symptoms.   What the Research Says Aerobic exercise can be used therapeutically to improve mild to moderate symptoms of depression, as well as reduce overall stress and anxiety levels. One study examining aerobic exercise and OCD symptoms asked participants to continue their usual treatment  adding moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as running, to their treatment regimen for 12 weeks. What they found was that the severity and frequency of OCD symptoms were reduced immediately following the exercise. In addition, the overall severity and frequency of OCD symptoms generally decreased over the 12 weeks of exercise. For some participants, these gains were still present six months after the study. Another study conducted a similar test to see if a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and a customized 12-week exercise program made any difference in OCD symptoms. The exercises helped, making the 12-week program along with CBT a good therapeutic recommendation. How Exercise Can Help There are a number of ways in which exercise might help to reduce symptoms. Exercise can change your brain. Studies conducted on mice have shown that exercising on a running wheel helps them sprout new connections between neurons in their brains. Exercise may cause the release of “growth factors,” which trigger neurons to make new connections. These new connections may help to reduce symptoms of OCD. Exercise also promotes the release of endorphins, “feel good” neurochemicals, boosting mood and fending off stress. Exercise can also help improve your self-esteem. If you start exercising regularly, you may find yourself feeling better both physically and mentally. These changes can help boost your self-confidence as well as decrease your stressâ€"a major trigger of OCD symptoms. Exercising can also make you more social. Whether its getting out to the gym, meeting up with a running partner, or joining a sports teamâ€"exercising can help you be more outgoing.  Getting out and connecting with people is a great means of social support. Having a strong support system, like boosting self-esteem, is another great way to reduce your stress levels.   Not to mention, exercise can also provide a great distraction from any obsessions and compulsion you may be experiencing. Most vigorous forms of physical activity require your full attention, making it hard to focus on anything else. In this way, exercise could provide a welcome break from obsessions and compulsions, as well as give you a sense of control over your symptoms. If you are thinking about adding exercise to your overall treatment strategy, ask your doctor which exercise program theyd recommend for you. You can also work with a personal trainer or take group fitness classes if you are new to working out.

Sex After Menopause And Its Effects On Young Adults And Men

The ten commercial I viewed ranged in advertisements. They targeted older people, young adults and men. Several of the consumers geared their products for anti-aging products. There were several that were geared toward anti-aging; these commercials where Osphena, Ensure, K Y ultra-gel, Viagra for women, and proactive. There were two that were geared toward men; Viagra, and old spice hair product for men. Tommiecopper was another commercial. It was geared to those who are physically active and may need a knee support due to pain. Lastly, there were two commercials that geared to men and women who are older. These commercial were on funeral advertising and mortgage reversals. Ospemifene is an oral medication indicated for the treatment of dyspareunia. This is encountered by some women, more often in those who are post-menopausal. It is supposed to help with sex after menopause. Ensure was expressing the many ways it can help with Nutrition, Lifestyle change, and Fitness. It promotes positive, healthy choices in older women so that it can help you improve your health and maybe even discover your best self. KY ultra-gel is for dryness for women. Vaginal dryness occurs most often during perimenopause and menopause. Your body produces reduced amounts of estrogen during menopause, which accounts for the majority of vaginal dryness encountered by women. Viagra for women is for post-menopausal or post-hysterectomy women who complain of female sexual arousal disorder. The women inShow MoreRelatedEarly and Middle Adulthood paper1486 Words   |  6 Pagesself-internalized realization of perspective roles that an individual chooses to take on for themselves. These changes have very distinct characteristics that define each phase of life. Early adults or emerging adults are usually categorized as adults from the age group of 18 - 25 (Berger, 2010). This is the time where adults are well into their stages of puberty and growth and they are at the height of their physical potential. Males tend to have more muscle in comparison to fat content, their health is inRead MoreDepression And The Social Group2152 Words   |  9 PagesThis report will focus on depression in adult women. The purpose of this report is to look into the different factors which cause depression and also why this mental health issue is much more common in women than men. Stressful life events, such as losing a loved one, difficult relationships, extra work and home responsibilities can all trigger depression, (National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). The report will use quantitative data in relation to prevalence and also discuss how women treatRead MoreEssay about Depression in Women706 Words   |  3 PagesWomen experience depression at twice t he rate of men. 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It is important to know what causes depression, but it is also important to know what the signs are. Losing interest in activities once found fun or enjoyable is one of the many signs. Depression can happen during any time of your life, but what age groups and genders are affected more? Depression in men usually happens aroundRead MoreAging And Its Effects On The Aging1360 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as space escapades, use of chemically intoxicated substances with a damaging ability to the skin and compounds with high free-radicals content also stimulate the aging process. With this said, what are the effects of aging? Can Scientists Make Anti-Aging Drugs For Humans On Mars? Effects of Aging Aging affects various systems in the body. Just to mention, besides the development of gray hair and wrinkles, some of the affected body systems include: The cardiovascular system As aging progressesRead MoreThe Importance Of Sex And Intimacy Of Older Americans3096 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The number of aging adults in the United States is rapidly increasing. Based off of the 2012 U.S. Census data, 13.4% of the population is people 65 years of age and older. An estimated 20% of the population will consist of adults 65 years of age and older (U.S. Administration on Aging, 2008). As a result, it is important to fully understand the factors contributing to the well being and happiness of older Americans. It is popular belief that sex and intimacy contribute to a higher qualityRead MoreEffects Of Aging On Aging And Aging1343 Words   |  6 Pagesaging. Predisposing factors such as space escapades, use of chemically intoxicated substances with a damaging ability to the skin and compounds with high free-radicals content also stimulate the aging process. With this said, what are the effects of aging? Effects of Aging Aging affects various systems in the body. Just to mention, besides the development of gray hair and wrinkles, some of the affected body systems include: The cardiovascular system As aging progresses, the heart rate becomesRead MoreTaking a Look at Depression1250 Words   |  5 Pagesnormal for humans to feel sad after a break up, a disappointment or a tragic lost, but when your sadness prolong for a long period of time and the feeling increases and intensifies to the point that a person can’t function properly at their capacity, the sadness can turn to a severe problem. Depression, its considered a serious illness that affects everyone regarding their age, sex, economic status and ethnic/ racial background. Statistics have shown that one in ten adults suffers depression annually

Appendix B - 1735 Words

Causes and risk factors, including environmental risks * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)† (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor is what we get from our parents that is most of the time inherited (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Most cases of leukemia are not linked to any known genetic causes† (American Cancer Society, 2013).†¦show more content†¦* * * How the cancer affects the body According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Childhood cancers are often the result of gene changes inside cells that take place very early in life, sometimes even before birth† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Unlike many cancers in adults, childhood cancers are not strongly linked to lifestyle or environmental risk factors† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Leukemia is a cancer that starts in early blood-forming cells† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Most often, leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, but some leukemias start in other blood cell types† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Any of the cells from the bone marrow can turn into a leukemia cell† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Once this change takes place, the leukemia cells don’t go through the normal process of maturing† (American Cancer Society, 2013). There are changes that leukemia cells can quickly reproduce themselves and not die when they are suppose too (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"They survive and build up in the bone marrow, crowding out normal cells† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"In most cases, the leukemia cells spill into the bloodstream fairly quickly† (A merican Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Almost all childhood leukemia is acute leukemias† (American Cancer Society, 2013).Show MoreRelatedEthics appendix b990 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿APPENDIX A APPENDIX B In this case, there are several stakeholders including Borries, the manager, Borries colleagues, Borries girlfriend (Swee Lan), Swee Lans family and the client. In the following part, it will be mainly focus on two main stakeholders - Borries and manager who are facing ethical dilemmas. What are the ethical dilemmas and what choices are available to them. 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Fashion Trends Free Essays

string(301) " information search like online sources of 13%, The traditional media is still more trustworthy for the consumer to attain the information they require for their shopping like Fashion shows Exhibitions having 20%, Fashion Magazines 24%, TV Commercials 40% and Billboards 10% chunk respectively\." Fashion Trends of Youth in Pakistan Consumer Behavior Chapter 1 Introduction * Fashion It’s not just an outfit that is the offer of fashion. Rather it resides in every corner of the present landscape. Our mobile phones, our cars, our kitchens, our choice of media, the places where meet our friends- all add to the meaning of fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its not enough to wear the clothes, you have to don the lifestyle too. Fashion is a conceptual term though it covers almost all aspects of our daily life. Dress is very important facet of our personality and fashion in our dress and clothes have taken its step towards international market. The retail and wholesale sector in Pakistan was worth about $40 billion in fiscal year 2012, and has been growing at 5. 3% in real (inflation-adjusted) terms for the past five years, much faster than overall economic growth during that period. Parallel to this trend in consumerism,  Digital Marketing in Pakistan has also been on the rise which has resulted in the  Fashion Industry (specifically formal and informal lawn brands), fast accepting this unique phenomenon. Also, with the Ramazan on the go; Eid approaching in the near future and summers near their destined end, many new clothing brands have gone active and are advertising their Eid collection and Summer Sales on Facebook vigorously. So much so, that as per my calculations, one in every ten recommendations/sponsored stories or ads I see, are related to a clothing brand. Whether it be established brands like Kayseria, Khaadi  and Gul Ahmed, or newly launched premium brands like Sana Safinaz or Asim Jofa, or relatively smaller designer names like Rang Ja, The Working Woman, Mariam Aziz and Echo ll can be found actively on Facebook. Fashion industry of Pakistan has made quite a lot of progress in just a few years. Ten to fifteen years from now, this industry was still unknown to actually exist to the masses. Late with the formation of fashion councils and education centers under the enthusiastic few who wanted to make a difference and promulgate this very institution of fashion, * Quick g lance at fashion back in TIME The Swinging 60’s The focus of the time was on fittings. Bell bottoms, hair pieces, narrow fitted shirts, narrow dupattas, heavy eye makeup for girls and side burns for men was order of the time. People in those times took influence from the actors whom they idealized. The Political 70’s In 70’s the political times changed. People turned towards patriotism. Cotton came in vogue and people were seen in loose kurtas called Awami Suits and Saris. The Materialistic 80’s The 80’s emerged from the drabness of the 70’s and ushered in disco, glitz and glamour. People were indulged in their material instincts. In Pakistan, loose was â€Å"in† and tight was â€Å"out†. Glitter and glitz was trendy and simplicity took a back seat. Back To The East With 90’s It was a time for the rival of our culture. Traditional costumes made a comeback. A lot of embroidery, gharara, Sheirwani and Paishwaz were seen. Everyone wanted to look sleek and thin. The New Millennium â€Å"The Y2Kâ€Å" The year 2000 came with a bang moving people towards hi-tech and fast-paced living. The clothes too have become more streamlined and structured. The defined boundaries of eastern and western fashion have collapsed people wear no fuss Chinese trousers, cargo pants, iron easy cloth and manageable preferably short hair. Fusion is the call of this time * Interview with designers Maria B: Fashion is an extension of self ,an ___expression of individuality, of art and modernism- It has no borders or divides- Its passion and It is the constant evolution of society. Fashion is a form of ___expression on an individual as well as a social level—The general shift in Pakistan thank God! is towards intelligent broad-minded ideas and its now starting to reflect in the way that people are dressing up HSY: Fashion for me is your sense of living. It’s not only about dress, but it’s about you and what you live with. It can be your values and ethics, it can be everything around you. Nida ali: I think the average customer is price conscious, style conscious, trend conscious and the element of brand consciousness comes right at the end. Chapter 2 The Consumer Segmentation Targeting In a broader view and unbiased analysis, the Pakistani fashion industry has certainly played a very constructive and optimistic role in building the fashion sense and fashion trends amongst all the age groups The target we have selected to conduct a survey on the changing trends in fashion scenario is a combination of both the genders from the age range of 15 to 35 years of age regardless of any income bracket from the educated community. This range can be justified with the projection of the following statistics. The income ranges depict that our target market is almost equally from all income groups and people do follow fashion regardless of income brackets in one way or the other. Our target market of research comprises of a major chunk from the age range of 21 to 25 years being 76%. While having smaller portions of age 15-20 and 26-30 with sizes of 14% and 10% respectively. The youth mainly the fashion seekers and followers are in the continuation of their education period. As, this is the age when fashion becomes a craze for them. 63% females are fashion conscious willing to participate in a fashion survey while 37% are from the male category of consumers. * Media of Approach The fashion consumer of today is constantly bombarded with different types of stimuli in different forms of advertising. Today’s fashion consumer is more sophisticated and demanding than the consumer of the past. Looking at history, fashion runways and fashion shows have been the biggest inspirations for the fashion industry. We have assessed from these facts that regardless of the rapid growth in new mediums of information search like online sources of 13%, The traditional media is still more trustworthy for the consumer to attain the information they require for their shopping like Fashion shows Exhibitions having 20%, Fashion Magazines 24%, TV Commercials 40% and Billboards 10% chunk respectively. You read "Fashion Trends" in category "Papers" Fashion magazines are an extension of the marketing departments of large fashion companies. For a designer, the fashion show is a way to broadcast ideas. It is a medium. The growing Online trend The growing trend of online queries and locating stores, if not e-purchases, have also seen a tremendous rise which is understandable considering  Ã‚  females make up 31% of Pakistan’s Facebook population of almost 7 Million and the age group from 18-34 years makes 76% of the said population. These stats quite clearly infer that  Digital has most certainly bec ome an effective medium of  transforming  information and communicating with this industry’s target group. In addition to the remarkable customer service most of the fashion brands in Pakistan are providing online, it is worthy to note that digital media has leveled the playing field for all brands, irrespective of their sizes. It has given all sorts of brands the leverage to promote themselves and explore social media marketing for their advantage, especially if traditional mediums like billboards, print ads, TVCs etc are out of budget. This graph represents the presence of facebook fans of various brands locally in Pakistan and worldwide as well. The appreciation of facebook and other social media networks as a tool of marketing is growing very rapidly in a very short time among our young generation. Considering these statistics, we can appraise the standing of these various brand among the consumers and their level of appreciation in the market. Keeping these stats and trends in mind, one can evidently conclude that digital and eventually mobile marketing has an immense potential for the Fashion Industry. If the growth trends continue to move in the same direction and at a similar pace, there should certainly be no stopping social media marketing from making brands re-allocate  their budgets from traditional to online mediums. Chapter 3 Market Research * Problem Statement How does the behavior of a fashion consumer changes with upcoming fashion trends? * Research Methods * Questionnaire We have gathered information from our target market with 30 questionnaires duly filled by the prospects from our target market at various places with different set of ideals for a broader perspective and analyzed the results. The questionnaire is attached. * Focus Group We conducted a focus group of 8 attendees from our target market and concluded healthy discussion on the concerned issue. The moderator guide of the focus group is attached at the end. Online Focus Group on FaceBook We have conducted a focus group online through the platform of facebook as we do realize that the major chunk of our target study is active on social media networks. * Interviews Our search also consists of the interviews from the fashion industry to gather an over view about fashion from the producers of this wave. * Mall Intercepts We have visited quite a few stores, brand outlets and mall s surveying for practical encounters and recorded the views of some consumers in video and others in writing. Our surveys destinations included Suzy, Shirt Tie Shop, Hyperstar at Fortress Stadium while some interviews were conducted on the streets there. * Boutique Survey We also encountered the people running those boutiques and assessed their perceptions briefly. Chapter 4 Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by the demographics and household structures, needs, emotions, values and personality, group influences, information processing and decision making along with purchase behavior. Consumers are becoming more demanding, which is forcing fashion retailers to provide the right product at the right time. Information and trends are moving around the globe at high speed, resulting in more options and thus the consumers shop more often. The consumers need for uniqueness forces fashion retailers to constantly renew their styles. * Culture In case of cultural preferences, we often see people with different style statements living in the same area or same people having same appearances living at areas with vast distances. This is a fact which projects the importance of presence of culture in our lives which we tend to follow in almost all walks of our life. The most followed culture is equally distributed among regional and family preferences with the health of 37% each. Most of the population tend to follow what is being pursued in their region for ages, for instance, in Pakistan, with many differences in lifestyle, we all still follow some basic similar values. On the other hand, if we take Family culture into account, it refers to the values we share with our family, the way we present ourselves based on our family background, living standards and lifestyle. 19% incorporate multiple cultures in their attire and appearance while 4% opts for Western style of dressing. Social Class Fashion reflects our society and our culture. likewise it reflects how people define themselves People tend to follow what is in and what is the wave of the present current in fashion. 44% of our participants from consumer market are inclined towards the ongoing trends, while another major chunk is attracted towards the designer cuts or brand for their choice of attire. Former categories comprise of the majority while small parts of the market follow Celebrity with 6%, 6% towards price, 6% of advertisements while 10% people go for friend’s advise and attire. * Consumer Behavior Model Involvement of senses (Touch, sight) When we judge the quality of an apparel, the foremost concern for the consumer is the quality of the product which is preferred by 50% even for the youngsters who do not really care for the long life of the products. Some follow View of the fabric and its name share the same standing of 17% while a greater appreciation of Brand name of 24%. * Perso nal Selection Factors * Hedonic consumption Value of a garment is being defined as an interactive partiality experience, and distinguishes a person’s experience of interacting with an object or event. Enjoyable experiences in a store reflect different types of hedonic values. Values are defined as consumer behavior that regards the emotional and fantasy aspect of consumers’ interactions with products. Comparing to its utilitarian counterpart, the hedonic shopping value is more personal and associated with playfulness and fun. For instance, it is fairly common that people shop for both utilitarian and hedonic grounds, as well as a positive mood can come from consumers following either type of shopping. A reason for consumers to go shopping can also be the possibility to socialize with their friends. An individual’s set of values is very important regarding consumption activities. Many purchases are made because consumers think that purchasing products will result in reaching value-related goals. Shopping for clothes is considered recreational, satisfying and rewarding. Impulse buying is important to fulfill hedonic desires. There is an evident link between impulse buying behavior and hedonic shopping. Clothes purchased to satisfy hedonic needs seem to be chosen without planning and characterize an impulse buying event as can be witnessed like 50% of the buyers. Consumers are driven to hedonic shopping experiences by new fashion styles and brand image salience, which in turn motivates fashion-oriented impulse buying behavior. On the other hand, people who are rational in their decisions and finalize their action after going through all pros and cons. * Consumer Involvement * Motivation Clothing is referred to as specialty good since consumers often make the effort of seeking out the garment that they require. Motivational need can be both utilitarian and hedonic. The end state that the consumer has the intention to reach is the goal. How urgent the consumer wants to reduce the need depends on whether the need is hedonic or utilitarian, this is called the consumer’s drive. One indication of a need is a person’s want, which is created by a combination of cultural and personal factors. These statistics project the motivational elements which encourage a consumer to make a purchase. The most prominent motivator is an occasion or event which motivates 43% of the targeted sample. While, 20% are for Friends and 20% for family suggestions. Celebrity styles and icons attract and motivate 17% of our audience. Fashion-oriented impulse buying happens when consumers find a new fashion product and buy it due to the motivation to buy new products; products they did not plan on buying. Here we can see the level of motivation and the elements which influences a person to make a purchase. 40% are the impulse buyers who immediately opt for purchase with the product and the internal drive. The other major category observed in our survey was that of people who are motivated with advice of friends and family. This 46% require someone to support their choice. Two small classes of 7% being those who spent more tie and opt to search for further alternatives or more information about the item before making a purchase. * Motivational Conflict Approach-Approach According to our survey results, consumers often face Approch-Approch conflict when they have to choose between two dresses appealing them at the same level. Approach-Avoidance Another conflict of Approach-Avoidance also exists when a design attracts to a consumer at a designer shop but meanwhile price element restricts a particular customer. Level of Involvement Inertia: Inertia basically describes the low level of involvement towards the chosen product that either the consumer is willing to pay an effort before purchase or not? In fashion industry, according to our survey some respondent’s level of involvement was low because they just go to any shop; strongly use their heuristics and mental short cuts to buy apparel. Cult: The second concept which also prevails in the fashion industry is that, a part of consumer’s level of involvement is also very high in terms of shopping clothes. Because they put a lot of exertion in choosing and purchasing outfit having a feel of passion and consider their apparel as a symbol of their individual personality. * Need Theory Implementation * Self Concept * Self Concept When clothes leave the fabric they are merely garments. It is not until the marketers get hold of them that they become fashion. Clothing and accessories express how we feel, how we see ourselves and how we wish to be conceived by others. When we buy clothes we buy an identity. Fashion constitutes an important societal part of the individual’s well-being. Through the right choice of clothing it is possible for an individual to improve his or her self-esteem and acceptance by other people. Identities and social roles appear through people’s choice of clothing and accessories. Clothes function as symbols that indicate status, gender, social group allegiance and personality. Fashion is a way of expressing oneself and it says a lot about the person. * Fantasy Clothes shopping is considered to be more attractive. It is a break from the normal routine and it is an opportunity for fantasy and self-expression. What we wear is a complete expression of who we are. The appearance is the first indicator of personality to be judged. We portray ourselves what we fantasize about our own personality following our ideals through our accessories, our choice of movies, the interior of our house and most prominently our attire. We judged from our sample that majority of our sample portrays themselves to be decent yet fashionable being 54% of the whole sample depicting a major part of our culture. Secondly, 30% fashion consumers tend to portray themselves to be lively and energetic. Some 14% try to explicitly present themselves as an open personality and extrovert. A few demonstrate themselves to be shy and submissive. It’s not enough to be fashionable-one wishes to appear intelligent as well. * Gender Orientation â€Å"Modern marketing has relied on gender to help understand and explain consumers and their behavior. † Women see clothes as a mean for self-identity, whereas men focus more on functional benefits. Women see shopping as something recreational, it is important to emphasize the hedonic and experiential attributes of shopping. Women spend twice as long time in a shop as men and the typical window-shopper is a woman. Men and women think differently, and these gender-specific brain differences show a significant effect on how the individual absorb, process and retain information. The following Pivot Table exhibits the relation of gender with the style they follow for their purchase with a graphical representation which is extracted from our Online Facebook survey. | Values| | Row Labels| Sum of Male| Sum of Female| Casual| 4| 8| Celebrity| 0| 1| Formal| 4| 3| Present day| 3| 12| Grand Total| 11| 24| | | Another Pivot Table is extracted from our survey which depicts the relation of gender with the inclination of consumer towards Price or Style conscious personality. | Values| | Row Labels| Sum of Male| Sum of Female| Price Conscious| 7| 9| Style Conscious| 4| 15| Grand Total| 11| 24| Men don’t buy fashion – they buy clothes Men are comparatively less sophisticated consumers of fashion than women . * Extended Self â€Å"Fashion is an extension of self and expression of individuality† All the possessions of a person add an extra glamour to the personality. These can be the clothes, accessories, cell phones or your jewelery which adds an extra charm to what you idealize and portray about your personality. This extract shows the inclination of people towards various categories to embrace an additional appeal to their personality. This is clearly visible that clothes and shoes are the possessions that exhibits glamour and is the centre of attention for most of the youngsters being 37% each. While 14% go for jewelery, 6% for glasses, 6% for wrist watches and 7% opt for mobile phones as their charming accessory. Personality Chosen Product Match Your perception towards fashion is what you personality is regarding this particular field. This graphical representation clearly demonstrates the personality of our target youngsters in terms of fashion trends and their own self. Sober looks and Maturity is the dominant trait occupying 34%. * Product symbolization The Fashion Pyramid * Freudian Theory (diagram interpretation) [Id = Brain attack , Superego = Heart attack, Ego = A balance with heart on one and brain on the other side) (landscape) * Trait theory Various distinct traits are associated with different fields of life projected by the consumer of that particular segment. Likewise many traits are associated with fashion industry and consumers monitoring and following the changing trends. For instance, it is suggested that people who are more communally oriented (a female trait) will enjoy shopping more because of their psychological identification with the communal nature of the task. * Product congruence Consumer Lifestyle Loyal customers spend more each shopping trip, and are more time-conscious. Our clothes are often an expression of our spirit and character, so there is nothing wrong with finding a look that suits you and relying on it. Here the question is do consumers calibrate their wardrobe to better illustrate their present mood personality to therefore show overall congruence and harmony? Well, a direct relation exists between the clothing you choose to wear and your overall personality in terms of congruency. According to our one of the consumers view, â€Å"I have noticed that when I am feeling very energetic, and very outgoing, I will pick out clothing from my closet that resembles my mood: loud, and vibrant. Yellow t-shirts, red watch, etc. Meanwhile, other times, when I’m n a mellower and laid back mood, I will wear more toned down clothing, sometimes just a black tee-shirt and jeans. † Fashion is based on creating a need, where in reality, there is none. Fashion is a factory that manufactures desire. Pre occupation with fashion reveals a level of insecurity. It’s like they are worried about being judged. People obsessed with fashion feel that if they’ve changed their look, th ey’ve also evolved emotionally. They live in a state of being extremely conscious about their appearance. * Decision Making * Heuristics * Shopping Atmosphere * Post Purchase Satisfaction Product Disposal The product disposal is an important issue to be discussed as we keep on adding accessories to our wardrobe and stuff it with articles. It is essential to know what consumers opt for after It is deducted that 75% people give their clothes to others which is a good indication of society. While 19% stuff it forever even if not in use. On the other hand. 6% completely destroy them. * Risks associated with new trends The elements of fashion not liked by the target youngsters can backfire and become a risk for the Fashion Brands. As, â€Å"The fashion industry is the ultimate fashion victim† Other Risks include: Chapter 5 Extract Chapter 6 Attachments Survey Questionnaire Fashion Trends in Pakistan I am a student of MBIT from IBIT, PU and this questionnaire is purely for research purpose and the information you provide help me gain better understanding of Changing Fashion Trends in Pakistan. The success of this research depends on honest answers so I assure that your response will be kept confidential. Tick the answer you prefer. SECTION 1: YOU C. Occupation? a) Student b) Job c) Business d) Other, Please Specify ___________ 1. A. Age? a) 15-20 b) 21-25 c) 26-30 d) 31-35 D. Gender? a) Male b) Female B. Family Monthly Income? e) 15000-25000 f) 26000-35000 g) 36000-50000 h) Above 50000 E. How are you feeling today? c) happy c) excited d) sad d) depressed SECTION 2: YOUR FASHION 1. Fashion to you is: a) Looking cool and hipc) Comfort ability b) Looking sober and matured) A way to express my inner self 2. Which current fashion trend you love the most? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which fashion trend you hate the most? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. c) Present day fashion ) Celebrity Which fashion style/trend do you tend to follow when you purchase clothes? a) Formal b) Casual 5. Who is your ideal fashion personality? _____________________________ 6. What does your clothing portray about your personality a) Open Personalityb) Shy person c) Hip Hop d) Decent e) Lively f) Bold 7. Which of your accessories adds glamour to your overall personality? a) Clothingb) Mobile phon e c) Jewelry d) Shoes e) Wrist watches f) Glasses 8. What influences you the most when you buy clothes? a) Ongoing Trendsb) Designer/Brand c)Celebrity d) Pricee) Advertisementsf) Friends 9. How much are you willing to spend on one item of clothing from a new trend of fashion? a)1000-2000 b)2000-5000 c)5000-10000d)10000 above 10. What would encourage you to try out new fashion and style? a) Celebrity’s Styleb) Friend’s Suggestion c) Family’s Suggestiond) An Occasion | 11. What do you mostly dislike about fashion? a) Changes quicklyb) Expensive c) Not suitable d) Turns into a craze 12. What is the most recently added item to your accessories? ____________________________ 13. Does a new trend influence your wardrobe? a) Yes b) Noc)Oftend) Rarely 14. Do you readily adopt new trends? ) Yes b) Noc)Oftend) Rarely 15. How do you judge a fabric? a)Touchb) Viewc) Brand named) Fabric name 16. Are your purchases? c) Plannedb) Immediate | 17. What is your action when a dress or an accessory attracts you? d) Immediately buyc) Consult a friend or family member e) Search for alternativesd) Search for more information 18. Which kinds of shopping destination you buy most of your clothes from? a) Super markets and shopping mallsc) Fashion shows and exhibitions b) Designer boutiques Brandsd) Bazaars 19. What are your cultural preferences in fashion? a) Family culturec)Western culture ) Regional cultured) A combination of trends from multiple cultures 20. What do you do after your purchase? i) When satisfied a) Refer others b) Feel achievement c) Repeat purchases from the same place ii) When dissatisfied a) Feel angry b)Tell others to avoid c) Never visit the same place 21. How do you dispose of your clothes a) Keep the item b) Destroy c) Give it to others to use 22. What would you mostly like to see in an advertisement? a) Pictures of the shop and locationc) Products available b) Information about the designer d) All the above 3. Which medium do you trust for your purchases? a) Magazinesd)Fashion Shows Exhibitions b) Billboardse) TV Commercials c) Online Sources Moderator Guide I Thank you all very much for helping us and participating in our project research. What we are conducting is called a focus group. It is mainly a form of discussion among all of you on our research topic. You can agree, disagree on any point or you can just provide with a comment. You can also propose any new idea regarding the subject and you can freely express your views and opinions. This is just like a routine lounge talk. We request you to convey your point clearly and if possible one at a time to save from any confusion or misunderstanding. If any questions regarding the format of the focus group, you can ask ? Now, I’l explain the topic, we are here to discuss. That is The Changing Fashion Trends in Pakistan. Everybody today, is somehow associated with fashion either in favor or against. . Similarly, you all must be used to of decorating your wardrobe with latest fashion articles. Most of you would be used to of visiting various bazaars and malls for your clothing needs. And must be having your views and suggestions for this very industry. We are going to talk about the same. Before we start, if any one have any queries. Please do ask? Now friends , We’ll continue with our discussion Warm Up Questions:- 1. How much time do you spare for your leisure activities? 2. How much time in a month do you spent on shopping? 3. Do you consider shopping a source of entertainment? Specific Questions:- Current Scenario of Audience 4. Do you visit exhibitions for your purchases? 5. Do you consider fashion shows a source of latest updates for your fashion? 6. May I ask about your favorite places to shop? 7. What is your recently added item in your clothing? 8. Are you price conscious or style conscious? Reason of Failure 9. What do you think is the main content of our Pakistani fashion currently being promoted? 10. What is that one factor that stops you from adopting a fashion trend? 11. In your opinion, what is the one major difference between ordinary and designer brand items? 12. When I speak of Fashion, What picture comes to your mind? 13. Now, what if the same product is being sold in a local and a designer brand, Which one you’ll prefer to buy? Why? I am really thankful to you all for this valuable effort and specially your time. Bibliography Solomon, M. R. Consumer Behavior. How to cite Fashion Trends, Papers Fashion Trends Free Essays string(179) " the information they require for their shopping like Fashion shows Exhibitions having 20%, Fashion Magazines 24%, TV Commercials 40% and Billboards 10% chunk respectively\." Fashion Trends of Youth in Pakistan Consumer Behavior Chapter 1 Introduction * Fashion It’s not just an outfit that is the offer of fashion. Rather it resides in every corner of the present landscape. Our mobile phones, our cars, our kitchens, our We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Trends or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/todd-gitlin-summary-on-media/"choice of media, the places where meet our friends- all add to the meaning of fashion. Its not enough to wear the clothes, you have to don the lifestyle too. Fashion is a conceptual term though it covers almost all aspects of our daily life. Dress is very important facet of our personality and fashion in our dress and clothes have taken its step towards international market. The retail and wholesale sector in Pakistan was worth about $40 billion in fiscal year 2012, and has been growing at 5. 3% in real (inflation-adjusted) terms for the past five years, much faster than overall economic growth during that period. Parallel to this trend in consumerism,  Digital Marketing in Pakistan has also been on the rise which has resulted in the  Fashion Industry (specifically formal and informal lawn brands), fast accepting this unique phenomenon. Also, with the Ramazan on the go; Eid approaching in the near future and summers near their destined end, many new clothing brands have gone active and are advertising their Eid collection and Summer Sales on Facebook vigorously. So much so, that as per my calculations, one in every ten recommendations/sponsored stories or ads I see, are related to a clothing brand. Whether it be established brands like Kayseria, Khaadi  and Gul Ahmed, or newly launched premium brands like Sana Safinaz or Asim Jofa, or relatively smaller designer names like Rang Ja, The Working Woman, Mariam Aziz and Echo ll can be found actively on Facebook. Fashion industry of Pakistan has made quite a lot of progress in just a few years. Ten to fifteen years from now, this industry was still unknown to actually exist to the masses. Late with the formation of fashion councils and education centers under the enthusiastic few who wanted to make a difference and promulgate this very institution of fashion, * Quick g lance at fashion back in TIME The Swinging 60’s The focus of the time was on fittings. Bell bottoms, hair pieces, narrow fitted shirts, narrow dupattas, heavy eye makeup for girls and side burns for men was order of the time. People in those times took influence from the actors whom they idealized. The Political 70’s In 70’s the political times changed. People turned towards patriotism. Cotton came in vogue and people were seen in loose kurtas called Awami Suits and Saris. The Materialistic 80’s The 80’s emerged from the drabness of the 70’s and ushered in disco, glitz and glamour. People were indulged in their material instincts. In Pakistan, loose was â€Å"in† and tight was â€Å"out†. Glitter and glitz was trendy and simplicity took a back seat. Back To The East With 90’s It was a time for the rival of our culture. Traditional costumes made a comeback. A lot of embroidery, gharara, Sheirwani and Paishwaz were seen. Everyone wanted to look sleek and thin. The New Millennium â€Å"The Y2Kâ€Å" The year 2000 came with a bang moving people towards hi-tech and fast-paced living. The clothes too have become more streamlined and structured. The defined boundaries of eastern and western fashion have collapsed people wear no fuss Chinese trousers, cargo pants, iron easy cloth and manageable preferably short hair. Fusion is the call of this time * Interview with designers Maria B: Fashion is an extension of self ,an ___expression of individuality, of art and modernism- It has no borders or divides- Its passion and It is the constant evolution of society. Fashion is a form of ___expression on an individual as well as a social level—The general shift in Pakistan thank God! is towards intelligent broad-minded ideas and its now starting to reflect in the way that people are dressing up HSY: Fashion for me is your sense of living. It’s not only about dress, but it’s about you and what you live with. It can be your values and ethics, it can be everything around you. Nida ali: I think the average customer is price conscious, style conscious, trend conscious and the element of brand consciousness comes right at the end. Chapter 2 The Consumer Segmentation Targeting In a broader view and unbiased analysis, the Pakistani fashion industry has certainly played a very constructive and optimistic role in building the fashion sense and fashion trends amongst all the age groups The target we have selected to conduct a survey on the changing trends in fashion scenario is a combination of both the genders from the age range of 15 to 35 years of age regardless of any income bracket from the educated community. This range can be justified with the projection of the following statistics. The income ranges depict that our target market is almost equally from all income groups and people do follow fashion regardless of income brackets in one way or the other. Our target market of research comprises of a major chunk from the age range of 21 to 25 years being 76%. While having smaller portions of age 15-20 and 26-30 with sizes of 14% and 10% respectively. The youth mainly the fashion seekers and followers are in the continuation of their education period. As, this is the age when fashion becomes a craze for them. 63% females are fashion conscious willing to participate in a fashion survey while 37% are from the male category of consumers. * Media of Approach The fashion consumer of today is constantly bombarded with different types of stimuli in different forms of advertising. Today’s fashion consumer is more sophisticated and demanding than the consumer of the past. Looking at history, fashion runways and fashion shows have been the biggest inspirations for the fashion industry. We have assessed from these facts that regardless of the rapid growth in new mediums of information search like online sources of 13%, The traditional media is still more trustworthy for the consumer to attain the information they require for their shopping like Fashion shows Exhibitions having 20%, Fashion Magazines 24%, TV Commercials 40% and Billboards 10% chunk respectively. You read "Fashion Trends" in category "Essay examples" Fashion magazines are an extension of the marketing departments of large fashion companies. For a designer, the fashion show is a way to broadcast ideas. It is a medium. The growing Online trend The growing trend of online queries and locating stores, if not e-purchases, have also seen a tremendous rise which is understandable considering  Ã‚  females make up 31% of Pakistan’s Facebook population of almost 7 Million and the age group from 18-34 years makes 76% of the said population. These stats quite clearly infer that  Digital has most certa inly become an effective medium of  transforming  information and communicating with this industry’s target group. In addition to the remarkable customer service most of the fashion brands in Pakistan are providing online, it is worthy to note that digital media has leveled the playing field for all brands, irrespective of their sizes. It has given all sorts of brands the leverage to promote themselves and explore social media marketing for their advantage, especially if traditional mediums like billboards, print ads, TVCs etc are out of budget. This graph represents the presence of facebook fans of various brands locally in Pakistan and worldwide as well. The appreciation of facebook and other social media networks as a tool of marketing is growing very rapidly in a very short time among our young generation. Considering these statistics, we can appraise the standing of these various brand among the consumers and their level of appreciation in the market. Keeping these stats and trends in mind, one can evidently conclude that digital and eventually mobile marketing has an immense potential for the Fashion Industry. If the growth trends continue to move in the same direction and at a similar pace, there should certainly be no stopping social media marketing from making brands re-allocate  their budgets from traditional to online mediums. Chapter 3 Market Research * Problem Statement How does the behavior of a fashion consumer changes with upcoming fashion trends? * Research Methods * Questionnaire We have gathered information from our target market with 30 questionnaires duly filled by the prospects from our target market at various places with different set of ideals for a broader perspective and analyzed the results. The questionnaire is attached. * Focus Group We conducted a focus group of 8 attendees from our target market and concluded healthy discussion on the concerned issue. The moderator guide of the focus group is attached at the end. Online Focus Group on FaceBook We have conducted a focus group online through the platform of facebook as we do realize that the major chunk of our target study is active on social media networks. * Interviews Our search also consists of the interviews from the fashion industry to gather an over view about fashion from the producers of this wave. * Mall Intercepts We have visited quite a few stores, brand outlets and mall s surveying for practical encounters and recorded the views of some consumers in video and others in writing. Our surveys destinations included Suzy, Shirt Tie Shop, Hyperstar at Fortress Stadium while some interviews were conducted on the streets there. * Boutique Survey We also encountered the people running those boutiques and assessed their perceptions briefly. Chapter 4 Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by the demographics and household structures, needs, emotions, values and personality, group influences, information processing and decision making along with purchase behavior. Consumers are becoming more demanding, which is forcing fashion retailers to provide the right product at the right time. Information and trends are moving around the globe at high speed, resulting in more options and thus the consumers shop more often. The consumers need for uniqueness forces fashion retailers to constantly renew their styles. * Culture In case of cultural preferences, we often see people with different style statements living in the same area or same people having same appearances living at areas with vast distances. This is a fact which projects the importance of presence of culture in our lives which we tend to follow in almost all walks of our life. The most followed culture is equally distributed among regional and family preferences with the health of 37% each. Most of the population tend to follow what is being pursued in their region for ages, for instance, in Pakistan, with many differences in lifestyle, we all still follow some basic similar values. On the other hand, if we take Family culture into account, it refers to the values we share with our family, the way we present ourselves based on our family background, living standards and lifestyle. 19% incorporate multiple cultures in their attire and appearance while 4% opts for Western style of dressing. Social Class Fashion reflects our society and our culture. likewise it reflects how people define themselves People tend to follow what is in and what is the wave of the present current in fashion. 44% of our participants from consumer market are inclined towards the ongoing trends, while another major chunk is attracted towards the designer cuts or brand for their choice of attire. Former categories comprise of the majority while small parts of the market follow Celebrity with 6%, 6% towards price, 6% of advertisements while 10% people go for friend’s advise and attire. * Consumer Behavior Model Involvement of senses (Touch, sight) When we judge the quality of an apparel, the foremost concern for the consumer is the quality of the product which is preferred by 50% even for the youngsters who do not really care for the long life of the products. Some follow View of the fabric and its name share the same standing of 17% while a greater appreciation of Brand name of 24%. * Perso nal Selection Factors * Hedonic consumption Value of a garment is being defined as an interactive partiality experience, and distinguishes a person’s experience of interacting with an object or event. Enjoyable experiences in a store reflect different types of hedonic values. Values are defined as consumer behavior that regards the emotional and fantasy aspect of consumers’ interactions with products. Comparing to its utilitarian counterpart, the hedonic shopping value is more personal and associated with playfulness and fun. For instance, it is fairly common that people shop for both utilitarian and hedonic grounds, as well as a positive mood can come from consumers following either type of shopping. A reason for consumers to go shopping can also be the possibility to socialize with their friends. An individual’s set of values is very important regarding consumption activities. Many purchases are made because consumers think that purchasing products will result in reaching value-related goals. Shopping for clothes is considered recreational, satisfying and rewarding. Impulse buying is important to fulfill hedonic desires. There is an evident link between impulse buying behavior and hedonic shopping. Clothes purchased to satisfy hedonic needs seem to be chosen without planning and characterize an impulse buying event as can be witnessed like 50% of the buyers. Consumers are driven to hedonic shopping experiences by new fashion styles and brand image salience, which in turn motivates fashion-oriented impulse buying behavior. On the other hand, people who are rational in their decisions and finalize their action after going through all pros and cons. * Consumer Involvement * Motivation Clothing is referred to as specialty good since consumers often make the effort of seeking out the garment that they require. Motivational need can be both utilitarian and hedonic. The end state that the consumer has the intention to reach is the goal. How urgent the consumer wants to reduce the need depends on whether the need is hedonic or utilitarian, this is called the consumer’s drive. One indication of a need is a person’s want, which is created by a combination of cultural and personal factors. These statistics project the motivational elements which encourage a consumer to make a purchase. The most prominent motivator is an occasion or event which motivates 43% of the targeted sample. While, 20% are for Friends and 20% for family suggestions. Celebrity styles and icons attract and motivate 17% of our audience. Fashion-oriented impulse buying happens when consumers find a new fashion product and buy it due to the motivation to buy new products; products they did not plan on buying. Here we can see the level of motivation and the elements which influences a person to make a purchase. 40% are the impulse buyers who immediately opt for purchase with the product and the internal drive. The other major category observed in our survey was that of people who are motivated with advice of friends and family. This 46% require someone to support their choice. Two small classes of 7% being those who spent more tie and opt to search for further alternatives or more information about the item before making a purchase. * Motivational Conflict Approach-Approach According to our survey results, consumers often face Approch-Approch conflict when they have to choose between two dresses appealing them at the same level. Approach-Avoidance Another conflict of Approach-Avoidance also exists when a design attracts to a consumer at a designer shop but meanwhile price element restricts a particular customer. Level of Involvement Inertia: Inertia basically describes the low level of involvement towards the chosen product that either the consumer is willing to pay an effort before purchase or not? In fashion industry, according to our survey some respondent’s level of involvement was low because they just go to any shop; strongly use their heuristics and mental short cuts to buy apparel. Cult: The second concept which also prevails in the fashion industry is that, a part of consumer’s level of involvement is also very high in terms of shopping clothes. Because they put a lot of exertion in choosing and purchasing outfit having a feel of passion and consider their apparel as a symbol of their individual personality. * Need Theory Implementation * Self Concept * Self Concept When clothes leave the fabric they are merely garments. It is not until the marketers get hold of them that they become fashion. Clothing and accessories express how we feel, how we see ourselves and how we wish to be conceived by others. When we buy clothes we buy an identity. Fashion constitutes an important societal part of the individual’s well-being. Through the right choice of clothing it is possible for an individual to improve his or her self-esteem and acceptance by other people. Identities and social roles appear through people’s choice of clothing and accessories. Clothes function as symbols that indicate status, gender, social group allegiance and personality. Fashion is a way of expressing oneself and it says a lot about the person. * Fantasy Clothes shopping is considered to be more attractive. It is a break from the normal routine and it is an opportunity for fantasy and self-expression. What we wear is a complete expression of who we are. The appearance is the first indicator of personality to be judged. We portray ourselves what we fantasize about our own personality following our ideals through our accessories, our choice of movies, the interior of our house and most prominently our attire. We judged from our sample that majority of our sample portrays themselves to be decent yet fashionable being 54% of the whole sample depicting a major part of our culture. Secondly, 30% fashion consumers tend to portray themselves to be lively and energetic. Some 14% try to explicitly present themselves as an open personality and extrovert. A few demonstrate themselves to be shy and submissive. It’s not enough to be fashionable-one wishes to appear intelligent as well. * Gender Orientation â€Å"Modern marketing has relied on gender to help understand and explain consumers and their behavior. † Women see clothes as a mean for self-identity, whereas men focus more on functional benefits. Women see shopping as something recreational, it is important to emphasize the hedonic and experiential attributes of shopping. Women spend twice as long time in a shop as men and the typical window-shopper is a woman. Men and women think differently, and these gender-specific brain differences show a significant effect on how the individual absorb, process and retain information. The following Pivot Table exhibits the relation of gender with the style they follow for their purchase with a graphical representation which is extracted from our Online Facebook survey. | Values| | Row Labels| Sum of Male| Sum of Female| Casual| 4| 8| Celebrity| 0| 1| Formal| 4| 3| Present day| 3| 12| Grand Total| 11| 24| | | Another Pivot Table is extracted from our survey which depicts the relation of gender with the inclination of consumer towards Price or Style conscious personality. | Values| | Row Labels| Sum of Male| Sum of Female| Price Conscious| 7| 9| Style Conscious| 4| 15| Grand Total| 11| 24| Men don’t buy fashion – they buy clothes Men are comparatively less sophisticated consumers of fashion than women . * Extended Self â€Å"Fashion is an extension of self and expression of individuality† All the possessions of a person add an extra glamour to the personality. These can be the clothes, accessories, cell phones or your jewelery which adds an extra charm to what you idealize and portray about your personality. This extract shows the inclination of people towards various categories to embrace an additional appeal to their personality. This is clearly visible that clothes and shoes are the possessions that exhibits glamour and is the centre of attention for most of the youngsters being 37% each. While 14% go for jewelery, 6% for glasses, 6% for wrist watches and 7% opt for mobile phones as their charming accessory. Personality Chosen Product Match Your perception towards fashion is what you personality is regarding this particular field. This graphical representation clearly demonstrates the personality of our target youngsters in terms of fashion trends and their own self. Sober looks and Maturity is the dominant trait occupying 34%. * Product symbolization The Fashion Pyramid * Freudian Theory (diagram interpretation) [Id = Brain attack , Superego = Heart attack, Ego = A balance with heart on one and brain on the other side) (landscape) * Trait theory Various distinct traits are associated with different fields of life projected by the consumer of that particular segment. Likewise many traits are associated with fashion industry and consumers monitoring and following the changing trends. For instance, it is suggested that people who are more communally oriented (a female trait) will enjoy shopping more because of their psychological identification with the communal nature of the task. * Product congruence Consumer Lifestyle Loyal customers spend more each shopping trip, and are more time-conscious. Our clothes are often an expression of our spirit and character, so there is nothing wrong with finding a look that suits you and relying on it. Here the question is do consumers calibrate their wardrobe to better illustrate their present mood personality to therefore show overall congruence and harmony? Well, a direct relation exists between the clothing you choose to wear and your overall personality in terms of congruency. According to our one of the consumers view, â€Å"I have noticed that when I am feeling very energetic, and very outgoing, I will pick out clothing from my closet that resembles my mood: loud, and vibrant. Yellow t-shirts, red watch, etc. Meanwhile, other times, when I’m n a mellower and laid back mood, I will wear more toned down clothing, sometimes just a black tee-shirt and jeans. † Fashion is based on creating a need, where in reality, there is none. Fashion is a factory that manufactures desire. Pre occupation with fashion reveals a level of insecurity. It’s like they are worried about being judged. People obsessed with fashion feel that if they’ve changed their look, th ey’ve also evolved emotionally. They live in a state of being extremely conscious about their appearance. * Decision Making * Heuristics * Shopping Atmosphere * Post Purchase Satisfaction Product Disposal The product disposal is an important issue to be discussed as we keep on adding accessories to our wardrobe and stuff it with articles. It is essential to know what consumers opt for after It is deducted that 75% people give their clothes to others which is a good indication of society. While 19% stuff it forever even if not in use. On the other hand. 6% completely destroy them. * Risks associated with new trends The elements of fashion not liked by the target youngsters can backfire and become a risk for the Fashion Brands. As, â€Å"The fashion industry is the ultimate fashion victim† Other Risks include: Chapter 5 Extract Chapter 6 Attachments Survey Questionnaire Fashion Trends in Pakistan I am a student of MBIT from IBIT, PU and this questionnaire is purely for research purpose and the information you provide help me gain better understanding of Changing Fashion Trends in Pakistan. The success of this research depends on honest answers so I assure that your response will be kept confidential. Tick the answer you prefer. SECTION 1: YOU C. Occupation? a) Student b) Job c) Business d) Other, Please Specify ___________ 1. A. Age? a) 15-20 b) 21-25 c) 26-30 d) 31-35 D. Gender? a) Male b) Female B. Family Monthly Income? e) 15000-25000 f) 26000-35000 g) 36000-50000 h) Above 50000 E. How are you feeling today? c) happy c) excited d) sad d) depressed SECTION 2: YOUR FASHION 1. Fashion to you is: a) Looking cool and hipc) Comfort ability b) Looking sober and matured) A way to express my inner self 2. Which current fashion trend you love the most? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which fashion trend you hate the most? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. c) Present day fashion ) Celebrity Which fashion style/trend do you tend to follow when you purchase clothes? a) Formal b) Casual 5. Who is your ideal fashion personality? _____________________________ 6. What does your clothing portray about your personality a) Open Personalityb) Shy person c) Hip Hop d) Decent e) Lively f) Bold 7. Which of your accessories adds glamour to your overall personality? a) Clothingb) Mobile phon e c) Jewelry d) Shoes e) Wrist watches f) Glasses 8. What influences you the most when you buy clothes? a) Ongoing Trendsb) Designer/Brand c)Celebrity d) Pricee) Advertisementsf) Friends 9. How much are you willing to spend on one item of clothing from a new trend of fashion? a)1000-2000 b)2000-5000 c)5000-10000d)10000 above 10. What would encourage you to try out new fashion and style? a) Celebrity’s Styleb) Friend’s Suggestion c) Family’s Suggestiond) An Occasion | 11. What do you mostly dislike about fashion? a) Changes quicklyb) Expensive c) Not suitable d) Turns into a craze 12. What is the most recently added item to your accessories? ____________________________ 13. Does a new trend influence your wardrobe? a) Yes b) Noc)Oftend) Rarely 14. Do you readily adopt new trends? ) Yes b) Noc)Oftend) Rarely 15. How do you judge a fabric? a)Touchb) Viewc) Brand named) Fabric name 16. Are your purchases? c) Plannedb) Immediate | 17. What is your action when a dress or an accessory attracts you? d) Immediately buyc) Consult a friend or family member e) Search for alternativesd) Search for more information 18. Which kinds of shopping destination you buy most of your clothes from? a) Super markets and shopping mallsc) Fashion shows and exhibitions b) Designer boutiques Brandsd) Bazaars 19. What are your cultural preferences in fashion? a) Family culturec)Western culture ) Regional cultured) A combination of trends from multiple cultures 20. What do you do after your purchase? i) When satisfied a) Refer others b) Feel achievement c) Repeat purchases from the same place ii) When dissatisfied a) Feel angry b)Tell others to avoid c) Never visit the same place 21. How do you dispose of your clothes a) Keep the item b) Destroy c) Give it to others to use 22. What would you mostly like to see in an advertisement? a) Pictures of the shop and locationc) Products available b) Information about the designer d) All the above 3. Which medium do you trust for your purchases? a) Magazinesd)Fashion Shows Exhibitions b) Billboardse) TV Commercials c) Online Sources Moderator Guide I Thank you all very much for helping us and participating in our project research. What we are conducting is called a focus group. It is mainly a form of discussion among all of you on our research topic. You can agree, disagree on any point or you can just provide with a comment. You can also propose any new idea regarding the subject and you can freely express your views and opinions. This is just like a routine lounge talk. We request you to convey your point clearly and if possible one at a time to save from any confusion or misunderstanding. If any questions regarding the format of the focus group, you can ask ? Now, I’l explain the topic, we are here to discuss. That is The Changing Fashion Trends in Pakistan. Everybody today, is somehow associated with fashion either in favor or against. . Similarly, you all must be used to of decorating your wardrobe with latest fashion articles. Most of you would be used to of visiting various bazaars and malls for your clothing needs. And must be having your views and suggestions for this very industry. We are going to talk about the same. Before we start, if any one have any queries. Please do ask? Now friends , We’ll continue with our discussion Warm Up Questions:- 1. How much time do you spare for your leisure activities? 2. How much time in a month do you spent on shopping? 3. Do you consider shopping a source of entertainment? Specific Questions:- Current Scenario of Audience 4. Do you visit exhibitions for your purchases? 5. Do you consider fashion shows a source of latest updates for your fashion? 6. May I ask about your favorite places to shop? 7. What is your recently added item in your clothing? 8. Are you price conscious or style conscious? Reason of Failure 9. What do you think is the main content of our Pakistani fashion currently being promoted? 10. What is that one factor that stops you from adopting a fashion trend? 11. In your opinion, what is the one major difference between ordinary and designer brand items? 12. When I speak of Fashion, What picture comes to your mind? 13. Now, what if the same product is being sold in a local and a designer brand, Which one you’ll prefer to buy? Why? I am really thankful to you all for this valuable effort and specially your time. Bibliography Solomon, M. R. Consumer Behavior. How to cite Fashion Trends, Essay examples

Strategic Analysis of Agency Model †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Analysis of Agency Model. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with understanding the role of a business analyst. The role of a business analyst is to analyse the domain and the organisation in which work takes place. It documents the business and relates it to technology. The following assignment analyses the role of an analyst in core knowledge areas. The areas of focus include analysis planning, collaboration expectancy life cycle, strategic analysis and evaluation of solution. These areas develop the essentials of a business and allow it to maintain its competitiveness in the market. For the purpose of the assignment, a case study on Integrated Library System (ILS) is considered. It is equivalent to an enterprise resource planning system. The case study focuses on the migration of one library system to a new domain. The combination of a vendor-supported and customised system was done along with the original system of the library. Certain discrepancies were seen in the new system that led to the customization of the syste m. Every business needs to be analyzed based on certain factors that contribute to the success or failure of the business. These factors can be both external as well internal. These factors are important as based on it managers can formulate strategies that can help in the growth of business (Eva et al. 2014). The essential knowledge area for the business analysis is laying the foundations for proper planning, defining and completion of business analysis. Such an action is the responsibility of a project manager. This also includes the monitoring of the activities to ensure that every threat is taken care with the utmost significance. According to Fleisher and Bensoussan (2015), the monitoring of the analysis is done in order to understand the ways by which the work is being conducted. The monitoring is done after the planning and implementation of the strategies. The strategic approach helps in the proper analysis of the strategies and identifies any changes that are needed for the business. The monitoring of activities ensures that the plans are properly executed and the outcomes of these plans provide the desired results for the people. Hence, it can be said that in the case of ILS, the business analysis that is required is the proper identification and evaluation of the new model (Zott and Amit 2013). The acquisition module of the new ILS model needs to be either modified or replaced depending upon the ways it is adopted by the company. In order to do so, it is required that the managers monitor the technique carefully. However, replacing the acquisition module also needs proper analysis and monitoring so that a similar mistake is not repeated. Elicitation and Collaboration According to Bargiela-Chiappini and Nickerson (2014), business elicitation is the process by which managers gather requirements for the success of an organisation. The requirements can be collected from the customers, employees as well as the stakeholders. These requirements are essential in order to understand the ways by which business can be conducted by implementing required changes in the organisation. The requirements under the elicitation technique include analysing documents, conducting interviews, observation, process modelling as well as workshops. The feedback of the customers is collected via survey method in the form of a questionnaire that helps an organisation to understand the viewpoints of the target markets. In this regard, it can be said that collaboration is an important factor for any business (Gmelin and Seuring 2014). This is mainly because of the fact that the collaboration with the stakeholders helps in maintaining the strategies of the business. The ideas of the stakeholders prove effective in the success of a business. In the case of ILS, the libraries need to gather requirements to maintain the process of providing books to the customers. However, the main problem lies in the bar coding of the books. These bar coding can be done by process modelling in order to maintain stability in the identification of the number of books. The gathering of requirements needs to be done in such a way that there remains less pressure on the employees in terms of maintaining records. In this regard, the collaboration is also required in order to maintain the requirements of the stakeholders (Konat, Sahraoui and Kolfschoten 2014). This can be done by engaging stakeholders in the decision-making process that can help in the smooth functioning of the bar coding system. Requirements Life Cycle Management Holzbaur, Ross and Rothrock (2016) stated that analysing the life cycle of a product is important for success. This is done in order to predict the possible success rate of a product. A product goes through four stages that determine its level of longevity in the market. Similarly, in the case of requirements of a business organisation, the four stages exist that determine the longevity of a particular strategy. At the initial stage when the requirement is introduced in the business, employees begin to doubt its validity. However, with time the requirement reaches a growth stage that sets about in the implication of the tactics for the organisational benefit. During the maturity stage, the requirements reach its full potential and ensure that organisational success is attained every time with the application of the requirement. However, with time the requirement declines and new requirements are introduced. This is done in order to change the ways by which an organisation functions. The requirements life cycle needs to be managed to keep in mind the excessive use of a similar technique (Wolf et al. 2013). This is because rival companies can understand the techniques and formulate counter measures to gain an advantage. In the case of ILS, the requirements life cycle needs to be formulated in terms of books. Customers change the tastes of preferences depending upon the best sellers that are brought in the market. Hence, the requirement life cycle of one particular book can have a limited longevity. Due to this, the library needs to change its requirements every time keeping in mind the requirements of the customers. Hence, the life cycle can be managed effectively for the formulation of new strategies. Strategy Analysis In order to succeed in a business, every manager needs to ensure that proper strategy is maintained. The strategies depend upon certain factors that help in the development of a business. Resources are required in order to formulate a strong strategy that helps in the success of the business in a long run. Jenkins and Williamson (2015) stated that strategic analysis is referred to as the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is done in order to understand the internal factors that affect an organisation. With the help of SWOT analysis, an organisation can formulate relevant strategies that can define the competition it faces and focus on the environments in which the operations take place. In this regard, the strengths of an organisation can be used to formulate strategies that can convert the threats and weaknesses to opportunities. The SWOT analysis is an important and effective tool for gaining a competitive advantage over the rivals (Tan and Carrillo 2017). In the light of this statement, it can be said that ILS also need to conduct a SWOT analysis that can help it to formulate strategies based on the factors. These factors are essential in order to understand the essential factors that help in the analysis of the organisation. It can be seen that the strength of the library is the fact that it uses a vendor-supported and customised system. This is essential in order to formulate a strategy that can help in the success of the library. However, the weakness can be considered as the use of the new acquisition model. This is because time is required in order to bar code the number of books in an efficient manner (Rieu, Santorum and Movahedian 2017). Hence, strategies need to be formulated to convert this weakness into strength and create opportunities for improvement. Requirements Analysis and Design Definition The requirements analysis portrays the task that a business formulates in order to define the role of a business analyst. According to Hill Jones and Schilling (2014), the role of a business analyst is to structure and organise the requirements that are needed in order to form a competitive advantage. These requirements are identified during the elicitation process that formulates in the controlling of activities within an organisation. In the case of the use of any specific types of equipment or models, the requirements determine the design that is required for the proper usage of the equipment. Tao et al. (2016) stated that the verification is done based on the validity of information and the identification of proper solutions required for the development of an organisation. This helps in maintaining the goals of an organisation and likewise develops ways to improve the current position. As stated by Sharda, Delen and Turban (2013) the features of the requirements need to be releva nt and detailed so that problems are not faced in the future. In the case of ILS, the organisation needs to keep in mind the ineffective and the stressful nature of the acquisition model. It has already been evidenced that the new model is time-consuming and is not possible for one particular person to keep individual records of the books. Hence, it is essential for the managers to find out an easier method for the success of the business. The biggest flaw conducted by the manager is the fact that the equipment was not tested by the organisation. Hence, this led to the failure of the model and the proper application of the technology in the workplace. Solution Evaluation According to Krolzig (2013), in order to manage the operations of a business, the evaluation of solutions is an important factor. Solution evolution is considered as the assessment of existing and possible results that can be derived before a business is taken into operation. Internal, as well as external perspectives, are involved in order to understand the possibility of success of a business. In this context, it can be said that the perception varies depending upon the type of business that is being considered. Solutions of both these perspectives are referred to as business requirements. These solutions are generally derived from the feedback form of the customers as well as the employees working within an organisation. In this regard, the documentation of business requirements is needed in order to come up with a proper solution. Hence, according to Kim, Kara and Kayis (2014), it can be said that the evaluation of solutions can be faced with challenges that may hamper the growth of an organisation. A similar context can be established in the case of ILS. The organisation needs to maintain effective solution evaluation techniques in order to establish an easy business model. It is essential that the library facilities develop plans for the bar coding of books before implementing it in the organisation. This can help in gaining the required success for the formulation of strategies. Hence, in order to implement the acquisition model successfully, it is essential for ILS to make constant progress in the requirements of the organisation. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that in order to maintain a proper business, the role of a business analyst is important. An analyst needs to procure methods by which a business can be made successful. This can help in the proper formulation of strategies and help in the identification of opportunities for the business. The use of strategic analysis is an essential element for the identification of internal strengths and weaknesses. These strengths and weaknesses can be used to create opportunities for the business. In the case of ILS, the library facility needs to analyse the acquisition model thoroughly in order to develop a comprehensive use of the modern technology. 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